ETHNOLINGUISTIC PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD: CONCEPT OF “MERCY” IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC CULTURE

В статье лингвистическая проблема взаимосвязи языка и мышления освещена с точки зрения лингвокультурологии и лингводидактики, основной задачей которых является формирование лингвокогнитивного сознания и национального менталитета личности. Цель работы – охарактеризовать понятие «милосердие» как концепт русской духовности и определить его место в русской лингвокультуре. Объектом исследования и материалом для анализа послужили лексемы русского языка (благотворительность и попечительство), образующие ядро концепта «милосердие», а предметом – русская языковая картина мира. Методологическая база: метод дескриптивного анализа, интроспективный, диахронический, синхронический и типологический и лингвистические методы.In this article the issue of interrelationship between language and consciousness is considered from the point of view of Cultural Science and Linguistics and its task is the formation of language consciousness and national mentality.The aim of the study is to describe the concept of “mercy” as belonging to Russian spirituality only and to define its place in the Russian linguistic culture. The lexemes of the Russian language (charity and guardianship) were taken as the object and material for analysis as they form the core of the concept of “mercy” and as the subject for the analyses was taken the Russian language picture of the world. Methodology: the method of descriptive analysis, introspective, diachronic, synchronic, and typological and linguistic methods

Development of students’ subject position in the process of internship in an inclusive school

Introduction. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards for the training of teachers and teachers-psychologists determine the list of competencies in the field of education of children with special educational needs, including the organisation of their joint activities with peers in an inclusive education institution. The implementation of inclusive principles is associated with the development of innovative ways for individualising the pedagogical process, creative nature of mastering learning strategies and socialising children with atypical development, which actualises the problem of transformation of pedagogical thinking stereotypes. In this regard, the professional training of students in the field of inclusive education requires searching for factors aimed at increasing personality subjectivity, development of abilities to demonstrate an active, transformative position, synthesis of know-ledge from various scientific fields, modeling of variative solutions to non-standard situations of inclusive process. An important component of a future teacher education is internship in inclusive schools, in the course of which direct interactions with children with different physical and intellectual capabilities actualise own resources of students and acquisition of required skills.The aim of the experimental work presented in this publication is to identify the development factors and characteristics of a student’s subjective position in the process of continuous internship in inclusive education institutions.Methodology and research methods. The present research is based on the methodological principles of the subjective and learner-centred approaches, as well as the provisions of the concept of transformability focused on the principle of permanent multiplication of success of each participant of the educational process. The questionnaire “Level of Personality Subjectivity” by M. A. Schukina and the questionnaire revealing a model of teacher-child interaction developed by V. G. Maralov, V. A. Sitarov were used as diagnostic tools. The method of qualitative analysis of students’ reflexive judgments was applied. The data was processed in the SPSS programme using mathematical statistics methods (Mann – Whitney U-test).Results and scientific novelty. A working definition of the subject position of the teacher is given. The teacher’s subject position consists not only in the complex of specific knowledge and competencies learned and applied in practice, but also, and above all, in a high level of self-organisation and self-determination of the individual in non-standard situations. For the first time in the Russian education system, the authors of the present research made an attempt to implement the idea of future teachers’ preparation for activities in an inclusive environment through the formation of the subject position. The factors, influencing the development of student’ subjective position, are determined; the peculiarities of its manifestations are analysed.Practical significance. The results of this experimental study could be of interest to teachers of higher education, teachers and heads of educational organisations, working in the conditions of inclusive education.Введение. В требованиях федеральных государственных стандартов подготовки педагогов и педагогов-психологов содержится перечень компетенций, относящихся к области обучения и воспитания детей с особыми образовательными потребностями, в том числе при организации их совместной деятельности со сверстниками в инклюзивном учебном учреждении. Реализация принципов инклюзии предполагает инновационные способы индивидуализации педагогического процесса, творческий характер освоения стратегий обучения и социализации детей с нетипичным развитием, что актуализирует проблему трансформации стереотипов мышления учителей. В связи с этим для профессиональной подготовки студентов педагогических специальностей, соответствующей инклюзивной модели, нужен поиск механизмов и средств усиления субъектности личности, формирования способностей к проявлению активной, преобразующей позиции, синтезу знаний из различных научных областей, моделированию вариативных решений нестандартных задач инклюзивного процесса. Важным компонентом такой подготовки будущего учителя является практика в инклюзивных школах, в ходе которой при непосредственных интеракциях с детьми, имеющими разные физические и интеллектуальные возможности, происходят мобилизация собственных ресурсов студента и приобретение им необходимых навыков и умений.Целью представленной в публикации опытно-экспериментальной работы было выявление факторов становления и развития субъектной позиции студента во время прохождения непрерывной стажерской практики в инклюзивных образовательных организациях.Методология и методы. Основу исследования составили методологические принципы субъектного и личностно ориентированного подходов, а также положения концепции «трансформируемости» (concept of transformability), базирующейся на максиме перманентного приумножения успешности каждого участника учебного процесса. В качестве диагностического инструментария использовались опросник «Уровень развития субъектности личности» М. А. Щукиной и опросник В. Г. Маралова и В. А. Ситарова, позволяющий определить предпочтения педагога в выборе стиля взаимодействия с учениками. Рефлексивные суждения респондентов подвергались качественному анализу. Данные обрабатывались в программе SPSS с помощью методов математической статистики (непараметрического теста Манна – Уитни). Результаты и научная новизна. Дано рабочее определение субъектной позиции педагога, которая заключается не только в комплексе усвоенных и применяющихся им на деле определенных знаний и компетенций, но и, прежде всего, в высоком уровне самоорганизации и самоопределения личности в нестандартных ситуациях. Описана впервые предпринятая в отечественной системе образования попытка реализации идеи подготовки будущих учителей к деятельности в инклюзивной среде посредством формирования у них субъектной позиции. Обозначены факторы развития этой позиции, рассмотрена специфика ее выражения. Практическая значимость. Результаты опытно-экспериментального исследования могут быть интересны преподавателям высшей школы, педагогам и руководителям образовательных учреждений, работающим в условиях инклюзивного обучения

RESULTS OF RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES ON DETECTION OF BABESIOSIS FOCI IN THE IRKUTSK REGION

This article contains results of reconnaissance studies intended to find foci of babesia in the Irkutsk region. Babesia DNA were founded in two types of ticks (I. persulcatus, H. concinna) in the three districts of the Irkutsk region (Ekhirit-Bulagatsky, Irkutsky, Shelekhovsky). The analysis of 1220 nr length nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA gene of five Babesia samples was conducted. It was shown that the identified Babesia sequenced differ from previously known, and refer to the two genetic groups. The first group included babesia, genetically most similar to the sheep pathogen Babesia crassa, second contains sample, nucleotide sequence of which is significantly different from all known (less than 95 % homology)

Novel strong tissue specific promoter for gene expression in human germ cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tissue specific promoters may be utilized for a variety of applications, including programmed gene expression in cell types, tissues and organs of interest, for developing different cell culture models or for use in gene therapy. We report a novel, tissue-specific promoter that was identified and engineered from the native upstream regulatory region of the human gene <it>NDUFV1 </it>containing an endogenous retroviral sequence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among seven established human cell lines and five primary cultures, this modified <it>NDUFV1 </it>upstream sequence (mNUS) was active only in human undifferentiated germ-derived cells (lines Tera-1 and EP2102), where it demonstrated high promoter activity (~twice greater than that of the SV40 early promoter, and comparable to the routinely used cytomegaloviral promoter). To investigate the potential applicability of the mNUS promoter for biotechnological needs, a construct carrying a recombinant cytosine deaminase (RCD) suicide gene under the control of mNUS was tested in cell lines of different tissue origin. High cytotoxic effect of RCD with a cell-death rate ~60% was observed only in germ-derived cells (Tera-1), whereas no effect was seen in a somatic, kidney-derived control cell line (HEK293). In further experiments, we tested mNUS-driven expression of a hyperactive <it>Sleeping Beauty </it>transposase (SB100X). The mNUS-SB100X construct mediated stable transgene insertions exclusively in germ-derived cells, thereby providing further evidence of tissue-specificity of the mNUS promoter.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that mNUS may be used as an efficient promoter for tissue-specific gene expression in human germ-derived cells in many applications. Our data also suggest that the 91 bp-long sequence located exactly upstream <it>NDUFV1 </it>transcriptional start site plays a crucial role in the activity of this gene promoter <it>in vitro </it>in the majority of tested cell types (10/12), and an important role - in the rest two cell lines.</p

Data on the distribution of the <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i> tick in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia

The ixodid tick Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch, 1844) is a carrier of pathogens of vector-borne diseases of viral, bacterial and protozoal etiology. This tick was previously considered an adventive relict species in the Baikal region, but has recently shown a tendency to increase its numbers and expand its habitat. The aim of the study. To generalize the available and newly received information on the distribution of the H. concinna tick in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia; to carry out the comparative analysis of the results in order to identify the dynamics of the development of populations of this species of ixodid ticks in the Baikal region. Materials and methods. The coordinates of H. concinna detection points in our studies were obtained using a GPS navigator directly in the field. Ticks were caught during the period of their maximum activity from plants using a flannel flag. Approximate geographic coordinates of H. concinna tick detection points were established when analyzing the maps published by other researchers. Results. As a result of the generalization of our own data and data from literary sources, 52 georeferenced detection points of H. concinna were obtained on the territory of the Baikal region. A map showing the distribution of H. concinna in the territory of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia is presented. It is shown that in a number of surveyed areas there are stable populations of this species of tick, which tend to increase in their numbers and expand their range. Conclusions. Considering these data, as well as the fact that H. concinna ticks are actively involved in the circulation of pathogens of natural focal diseases in humans and animals, we can conclude that it is necessary to systematically monitor the populations of this vector species in the Baikal region

Species and Genetic Diversity of Representatives of the <i>Anaplasmataceae</i> Family Found in the Sympatry Zone of the <i>Ixodes, Dermacentor</i> and <i>Haemaphysalis</i> Genera Ticks

Introduction.On the territory of the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky district of the Irkutsk region zones of sympatry of four Ixodes ticks species are found, where the species and genetic diversity of infectious agents transmitted through tick bites may be more pronounced than in foci with a mono-dominant type of ticks’ population. In this connection, the study of the species and genetic diversity of representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family in the sympatry zone of the Ixodes ticks of closely related species was of scientific interest.Objective: To study the species and genetic diversity of members of the Anaplasmataceae family in the zones of sympatry of Ixodes ticks Ixodes persulcatus, Dermacentor silvarum, D. nuttalli and Haemaphysalis concinna, to identify the main carriers and potential reservoir hosts of ehrlichia and anaplasma.Methods. In the course of the study, 1106 specimens of adult ticks and 49 samples of small mammalian livers from the Ekhirit-Bulagatsky area were analyzed. Anaplasma and ehrlichia DNA were detected by two-round PCR in the presence of genus- and species-specific primers from the 16S rRNA gene region. The nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and the fragment of the groESL operon were identified in some samples. Sequencing was carried out according to the Sanger method. Comparative analysis was performed using the BLASTN program and ClustalW method. Epidemiological data analysis was performed using parametric methods of statistical processing of the material.Results. The DNA of Ehrlichia muris and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in all studied species of ticks in their sympatry area. However, the rate of infection of taiga ticks was significantly higher than that of H. concinna and Dermacentor spp. Potential reservoir hosts of the Anaplasmataceae family members can be classified as Microtus oeconomus, M. gregalis, Myodes rutilus and Sorex spp. When analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, three genetic variants of anaplasma were detected. The nucleotide sequences of the A. phagocytophilum groESL operon belonged to two genetic groups