Atiya's journeys: a Muslim woman from colonial Bombay to Edwardian Britain

More than a century ago, Atiya Fyzee, a Muslim woman of the renowned Tyabji clan, set out from colonial Bombay to study in Edwardian London. As she rode the steamboat, she began writing her daily experiences in a diary that would later appear as serialized entries in an Urdu women’s magazine published from the Punjab. Despite the magazine’s small circulation at the time, Atiya’s travelogue drew enough attention and gave the fledgling author her first taste of fame. In the years to come, she also became well known for her friendship with Maulana Shibli Numani and Muhammad Iqbal, two of South Asia’s most prominent Muslim intellectuals. Atiya and her husband Samuel Rahamin gained popularity worldwide in the early twentieth century in the fields of music, dance, theatre, the visual arts, and literature. Atiya Fyzee became a key figure in the cultural and intellectual history of South Asia. Atiya’s legend, sometimes contradictory and often exoticized, was formed in the last years of her life when she lived in Karachi after the Partition. This is a fascinating account of a Muslim women’s experience of ‘everyday’ in Edwardian Britain

Three-years of dalbavancin use at a UK tertiary referral hospital serving a population with high numbers of people who inject drugs

BACKGROUND Dalbavancin’s unique properties have led to an increase in its off-licence use in complex infection and in vulnerable populations including people who inject drugs (PWID), but data remain limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe the characteristics, treatment rationale, and outcomes for all adult inpatients treated with dalbavancin at a UK tertiary hospital. RESULTS Fifty-eight inpatients were treated with dalbavancin between the 1st of January 2018 and the 1st of January 2021, 98.3% for off-licence diagnoses. Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection, infective endocarditis and endovascular infections were each diagnosed in 22.4% of patients. Bone and joint infections were diagnosed in 18.9%, discitis in 12.1% and central line-associated bloodstream infections in 5.2%. Sixty-nine percent of patients were bacteraemic; 52.5% Staphylococcus aureus, 5.0% MRSA. Two mild adverse reactions were attributed to dalbavancin. Treatment was successful in 43 (75.4%) patients, and failed in seven (12.3%). Seven (12.3%) were lost to follow-up. Thirty-five patients (60.3%) were PWID, with low median age (41.0 years) and Charlson comorbidity scores (0). Self-discharge was taken by 17.1% of PWID, and 20.6% were lost to follow-up. At 90-days, three (8.6%) PWID were deceased. CONCLUSIONS In this first UK cohort, dalbavancin was used off licence and in persons facing barriers to conventional therapies. Where data is available, it was safe and effective. Dalbavancin appears a potentially valuable tool in improving outcomes for PWID.</p

Comparison of mean length of stay in patients who were high risk for OSA versus low risk for OSA.

<p>Comparison of mean length of stay in patients who were high risk for OSA versus low risk for OSA.</p

Rapid response system (RRS) events in High Risk OSA patients versus Low Risk OSA patients.

<p>Rapid response system (RRS) events in High Risk OSA patients versus Low Risk OSA patients.</p

Comparison between patients who were compliant with PAP therapy versus non-compliant, from April 2013 to July 2014.

<p>Comparison between patients who were compliant with PAP therapy versus non-compliant, from April 2013 to July 2014.</p

Pre-clinical and cellular safety assessment of oral administered DHA rich microalgae oil from <i>Schizochytrium</i> sp. (Strain ATCC-20889): acute, sub-chronic and genotoxicity

The lack of toxicity data for DHA-rich oil from Schizochytrium sp. (Strain ATCC-20889) leads to its exclusion from the Qualified Presumption of Safety list. Therefore, present study addresses toxicity evaluation of DHA-rich microalgae oil using ex-vivo (cytotoxicity assay) and in-vivo methods (acute (OECD 423 guidelines), sub-chronic (OECD 452 guidelines), and genotoxicity assay). The ex-vivo results showed >90% cell viability of Caco-2 cells after 48 h of treatment (200 µg/mL of DHA). Additionally, the in-vivo acute toxicity study found that microalgae oil was nontoxic and classified under category 5 molecule according to OECD 423 guidelines with a highest degree of safety at 2000 mg/kg b.w. The in-vivo sub-chronic study revealed no significant mortality and changes in feed intake, body weight, haematological, biochemical, neurological, and urine parameters after repeated 180-days administration of DHA-rich microalgae oil at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg. Moreover, histopathology evaluation, comet assay, chromosomal aberration, and micronuclei assay also confirmed the nontoxic behavior of DHA-rich oil. Thus, the results from the ex-vivo and in-vivo studies indicate that DHA-rich oil from Schizochytrium sp. (Strain ATCC-20889) is safe for use as a novel food, and can be included in infants, adults, pregnant women, and children formula.</p

MOESM1 of Rapid enzyme regeneration results in the striking catalytic longevity of an engineered, single species, biocatalytic biofilm

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Biofilm-mediated biotransformation (previous work). Table S1. Amino acid composition of the subunit β of TrpBA calculated by ProtParam (Expasy). Table S2 In silico tryptic digest of the subunit β of TrpBA with Peptide Cutter tool (Expasy). Table S3 Fragments of the subunit β of TrpBA identified by Mascot. Figure S3. MS spectra analysis of the peptide VGIYFGMK of TrpBA. Figure S4. MS spectra of the peptide DPEFQAQFADLLK of TrpBA. Figure S5. The XICs of the reference peptide VGIYFGMK. Figure S6. The XICs of the peptide DPEFQAQFADLLK. Figure S7. Percentage of 5-chlorotryptophan accumulation, monitored by UPLC. Figure S8. LC-MS analysis of formation of 5-chlorotryptophan

High-Throughput Virtual Screening Identifies Novel <i>N</i>′‑(1-Phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazides as Potent, Specific, and Reversible LSD1 Inhibitors

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in regulating histone lysine methylation at residues K4 and K9 on histone H3 and is an attractive therapeutic target in multiple malignancies. Here we report a structure-based virtual screen of a compound library containing ∼2 million small molecular entities. Computational docking and scoring followed by biochemical screening led to the identification of a novel <i>N</i>′-(1-phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazide series of LSD1 inhibitors with hits showing biochemical IC₅₀s in the 200–400 nM range. Hit-to-lead optimization and structure–activity relationship studies aided in the discovery of compound <b>12</b>, with a <i>K</i>_i of 31 nM. Compound <b>12</b> is reversible and specific for LSD1 as compared to the monoamine oxidases shows minimal inhibition of CYPs and hERG and inhibits proliferation and survival in several cancer cell lines, including breast and colorectal cancer. Compound <b>12</b> may be used to probe LSD1’s biological role in these cancers

Effects of Late Administration of Pentoxifylline and Tocotrienols in an Image-Guided Rat Model of Localized Heart Irradiation

<div><p>Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a long-term side effect of radiotherapy of intrathoracic, chest wall and breast tumors when radiation fields encompass all or part of the heart. Previous studies have shown that pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination with α-tocopherol reduced manifestations of RIHD in rat models of local heart irradiation. The relative contribution of PTX and α-tocopherol to these beneficial effects are not known. This study examined the effects of PTX alone or in combination with tocotrienols, forms of vitamin E with potential potent radiation mitigation properties. Rats received localized X-irradiation of the heart with an image-guided irradiation technique. At 3 months after irradiation rats received oral treatment with vehicle, PTX, or PTX in combination with a tocotrienol-enriched formulation. At 6 months after irradiation, PTX-treated rats showed arrhythmia in 5 out of 14 animals. PTX alone or in combination with tocotrienols did not alter cardiac radiation fibrosis, left ventricular protein expression of the endothelial markers von Willebrand factor and neuregulin-1, or phosphorylation of the signal mediators Akt, Erk1/2, or PKCα. On the other hand, tocotrienols reduced cardiac numbers of mast cells and macrophages, but enhanced the expression of tissue factor. While this new rat model of localized heart irradiation does not support the use of PTX alone, the effects of tocotrienols on chronic manifestations of RIHD deserve further investigation.</p> </div

Cardiac expression of vWf at 6 months after irradiation.

<p>In sham-irradiated hearts, vWF immunoreactivity was only found on the endothelium of larger arteries, while in irradiated hearts vWF was also found in endothelial cells of capillaries and arterioles, and in some hearts in the extracellular matrix (A). Areas immunoreactive for vWf were not altered by PTX or TSB (B). Average ± SEM, n=8-9. *Significant difference with sham-irradiation (p<0.05). Scale bar: 100 μm.</p