The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on students' learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis

AbstractMobile devices such as laptops, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones have become a learning tool with great potential in both classrooms and outdoor learning. Although there have been qualitative analyses of the use of mobile devices in education, systematic quantitative analyses of the effects of mobile-integrated education are lacking. This study performed a meta-analysis and research synthesis of the effects of integrated mobile devices in teaching and learning, in which 110 experimental and quasiexperimental journal articles published during the period 1993–2013 were coded and analyzed. Overall, there was a moderate mean effect size of 0.523 for the application of mobile devices to education. The effect sizes of moderator variables were analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning in different levels of moderator variables were synthesized based on content analyses of individual studies. The results of this study and their implications for both research and practice are discussed

空間的背景情報が物体認知に及ぼす影響

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

Acute kidney disease following COVID-19 vaccination: a single-center retrospective study

BackgroundRare cases of de novo or relapsed kidney diseases associated with vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been increasingly reported. The aim of this study was to report the incidence, etiologies, and outcomes of acute kidney disease (AKD) following COVID-19 vaccination.MethodsThis retrospective study extracted cases from renal registry of a single medical center from 1 March 2021 to 30 April 2022, prior to the significant surge in cases of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. Adult patients who developed AKD after COVID-19 vaccination were included. We utilized the Naranjo score as a causality assessment tool for adverse vaccination reactions and charts review by peer nephrologists to exclude other causes. The etiologies, characteristics, and outcomes of AKD were examined.ResultsTwenty-seven patients (aged 23 to 80 years) with AKD were identified from 1,897 vaccines (estimated rate of 13.6 per 1000 patient-years within the renal registry). A majority (77.8%) of vaccine received messenger RNA-based regimens. Their median (IQR) Naranjo score was 8 (6-9) points, while 14 of them (51.9%) had a definite probability (Naranjo score ≥ 9). The etiologies of AKD included glomerular disease (n = 16) consisting of seven IgA nephropathy, four anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated glomerulonephritis (AAN), three membranous glomerulonephritis, two minimal change diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with acute deterioration (n = 11). Extra-renal manifestations were found in four patients. Over a median (IQR) follow-up period of 42 (36.5–49.5) weeks, six patients progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).ConclusionBesides glomerulonephritis (GN), the occurrence of AKD following COVID-19 vaccination may be more concerning in high-risk CKD patients receiving multiple doses. Patients with the development of de novo AAN, concurrent extra-renal manifestations, or pre-existing moderate to severe CKD may exhibit poorer kidney prognosis

Immobilization of enzyme and antibody on ALD-HfO2-EIS structure by NH3 plasma treatment

Thin hafnium oxide layers deposited by an atomic layer deposition system were investigated as the sensing membrane of the electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structure. Moreover, a post-remote NH3 plasma treatment was proposed to replace the complicated silanization procedure for enzyme immobilization. Compared to conventional methods using chemical procedures, remote NH3 plasma treatment reduces the processing steps and time. The results exhibited that urea and antigen can be successfully detected, which indicated that the immobilization process is correct

Mislocalization of Visual Stimuli: Independent Effects of Static and Dynamic Attention

Shifts of visual attention cause systematic distortions of the perceived locations of visual objects around the focus of attention. In the attention repulsion effect, the perceived location of a visual target is shifted away from an attention-attracting cue when the cue is presented before the target. Recently it has been found that, if the visual cue is presented after the target, the perceived location of the target shifts toward the location of the following cue. One unanswered question is whether a single mechanism underlies both attentional repulsion and attraction effects. We presented participants with two disks at diagonal locations as visual cues and two vertical lines as targets. Participants were asked to perform a forced-choice task to judge targets' positions. The present study examined whether the magnitude of the repulsion effect and the attraction effect would differ (Experiment 1), whether the two effects would interact (Experiment 2), and whether the location or the dynamic shift of attentional focus would determine the distortions effects (Experiment 3). The results showed that the effect size of the attraction effect was slightly larger than the repulsion effect and the preceding and following cues have independent influences on the perceived positions. The repulsion effect was caused by the location of attnetion and the attraction effect was due to the dynamic shift of attentional focus, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms for the retrospective attraction effect might be different from those for the repulsion effect

Results of Experiment 3.

<p>The positive values on the vertical axis indicated that the perceived location of the target was away from the cue (attentional repulsion effect) and negative value implied that the perceived location of the target was shifted toward the cue (attentional attraction effect). Error bars represented the standard error of mean.</p

Possible positions for the top line.

<p>The top line appeared at one of eleven possible positions. The distance between possible positions was 0.1°. Five were at the left side of the bottom line. The others were at the right side of the bottom line. The leftmost (rightmost) position was 0.5° away from the bottom line in horizontal orientation. The top line was equally likely to appear in one of the eleven positions.</p

Results of Experiment 1.

<p>The vertical axis represents the proportion of “right” response for the left-diagonal cue and “left” response for the right-diagonal cue in each possible target position both under cue-target and target-cue conditions. Positive values on the horizontal axis mean that the top line was at the right of the bottom line for left-diagonal cue and at the left of the bottom line for right-diagonal cue and vice versa. The point of subjective equality (PSE), defined as the intersection of the cumulative Gaussian curves with the line that marked <i>P</i> = 0.5, was −0.054° (dotted curve) for the cue-target condition and 0.096° (solid curve) for the target-cue condition.</p

Schematic representation of the trial events in the cue-target-cue condition in Experiment 2.

<p>The fixation point appeared for 1000 ms. After a 100-ms blank, the cue and target were presented. The cue was presented for 50 ms. After 150 ms of blank, the target was presented for 100 ms. After another 100 ms of blank, the cue appeared for 50 ms again. The cue-target and target-cue SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony) were always 200 ms.</p

Schematic representation of the trial events in Experiment 1.

<p>The fixation point appeared for 1000 ms and participants were instructed to keep their fixation on it. After a 100-ms blank, the cue and target were presented in two different conditions. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028371#pone.0028371-Posner1" target="_blank">[1]</a> Under the cue-target condition, the cue was presented for 50 ms. After a 150-ms blank, two vertical target lines were presented for 100 ms. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0028371#pone.0028371-He1" target="_blank">[2]</a> Under the target-cue condition, the target was presented for 100 ms first, followed by a 100-ms blank. Then the cue was presented for 50 ms. The cue-target and target-cue SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) were always 200 ms in all conditions.</p