Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/87</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():87-87.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1903361.</p><p></p>, and cultured with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 3 days before performing ELISA (* = 0.006)

Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/87</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():87-87.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1903361.</p><p></p>f CT26 tumor-bearing mice treated with plasmids were harvested at 7 days after plasmid injection, and cells analyzed by flow cytometry using the corresponding FITC- or PE- or PE-Cy5-labeled antibodies and isotype control

Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/87</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():87-87.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1903361.</p><p></p>oses of control plasmid or that expressing IL-18 until day 7 after tumor inoculation. Liver tissue was obtained on day 4 after direct injection of IL-18 plasmid DNA, and ELISA used to evaluate IL-18 protein levels. Representative data determined from two separate experiments

Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/87</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():87-87.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1903361.</p><p></p>edium alone or that containing CT26 lysates. Numbers within the gates in the FACS plots depict the percentage of CD69IFN-γCD4cells. Data are presented from experiments that were repeated at least twice

Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Intratumoral delivery of IL-18 naked DNA induces T-cell activation and Th1 response in a mouse hepatic cancer model"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/87</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():87-87.</p><p>Published online 23 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1903361.</p><p></p>smid DNA was injected directly into the tumors on day 7. Tumor growth was measured on days 1, 4, 7, and 14 after plasmid implantation. Data are presented as the mean of tumor weights of 8 mice/group

Figure 1

<p>Y-chromosomal haplogroup distribution in prostate cancer cases and controls in the Korean population. The parsimonious tree on the top shows the evolutionary relationship of fifteen haplogroups. Nomenclature is according to the Y Chromosome Consortium <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000172#pone.0000172-Y1" target="_blank">[37]</a>. ^aProstate cancer; ^bNormal control; Exact <i>P</i> value = 0.44225±0.02442</p

Immunosuppressant prescription pattern and trend in kidney transplantation: A multicenter study in Korea

<div><p>Background</p><p>The actual prescription pattern of immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplantation is unclear.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We investigated the pattern and trend of immunosuppressive treatment for kidney transplant patients in South Korea. A total of 636 patients at nine transplant centers were enrolled and followed for one year. We reviewed medical records and evaluated induction therapy, as well as the changing pattern and cause of maintenance therapy.</p><p>Results</p><p>Most patients (n = 621, 97.6%) received induction therapy often comprising basiliximab (n = 542, 85.2%). The triple therapy including calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolic acid, and steroids was the major initial maintenance immunosuppression (n = 518, 81.4%), but its proportion decreased by 14% (81.4% to 67.5%) after 1 year. Almost 40% of patients changed immunosuppressive regimen during the 1-year follow-up, most often at an early period (60.2% within the first 4 months). The primary reason for the change was gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 113, 29.8%), followed by infection (112, 29.6%). The most common changing pattern was mycophenolic acid withdrawal (n = 155, 39.1%).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The initial immunosuppressive regimen is prone to change within the first year of kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the benefits and risks in patients who changed immunosuppressants.</p></div

Baseline characteristics of kidney transplant recipients at registration.

<p>Baseline characteristics of kidney transplant recipients at registration.</p

Characteristics according to induction therapy.

<p>Characteristics according to induction therapy.</p

Three main reasons of immunosuppressant change according to post-transplant periods.

<p>The grouped vertical bar graph represents the frequency of the 3 most common causes of ISx according to post-KT periods evenly divided in to three sections. Black bars represent GI problem-induced ISx change, gray bars represent infection-induced ISx change, and white bars represent ISx change due to bone marrow suppression. All of three causes of ISx change were common in the first tertile period. The GI problem was the most common in the first tertile period, while infection became the main cause of the ISx change in the second and third tertile periods. Abbreviation: KT, kidney transplantation; GI, gastrointestinal; ISx, immunosuppressant.</p