Does Neonatal Microbiome Research Encompass the Placental Transfer Pathway?

The word “microbiome” is a combination of “microbiota” and “genome,” which represents the genomic concept of microbiota. The bacterial culture method is the mainstay of identifying microbes, while polymerase chain reaction adds diagnostic value. However, in the era of next-generation sequencing, achieving high-throughput microbiota footprints is extremely sensitive. This sensitivity often leads to confusion, as it can detect specific microbes genomes, even in sterile samples, such as blood, placenta, breast milk, skin, vagina, and stool. The neonatal microbiome remarkably influences both fetal and neonatal life related to health status and disease outcome. However, its origins pose a question: does it stem from a direct gateway or through a breakdown of barriers? This review provides a brief overview of evidence and speculative insights

On the Csorgo-Révész increments of finite dimensional Gaussian random fields

In this paper, we establish some limit theorems on the combined Csorgo-Révész increments with moduli of continuity for finite dimensional Gaussian random fields under mild conditions, via estimating upper bounds of large deviation probabilities on suprema of the finite dimensional Gaussian random fields.Csorgo-Révész increment; Gaussian process; random field; modulus of continuity; quasi-increasing; regularly varying function; large deviation probability.

Comparisons of ELISA and Western blot assays for detection of autophagy flux

We analyzed autophagy/mitophagy flux in vitro (C2C12 myotubes) and in vivo (mouse skeletal muscle) following the treatments of autophagy inducers (starvation, rapamycin) and a mitophagy inducer (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, CCCP) using two immunodetection methods, ELISA and Western blotting, and compared their working range, accuracy, and reliability. The ELISAs showed a broader working range than that of the LC3 Western blots (Table 1). Table 2 showed that data value distribution was tighter and the average standard error from the ELISA was much smaller than those of the Western blot, directly relating to the accuracy of the assay. Test-retest reliability analysis showed good reliability for three individual ELISAs (interclass correlation, ≥ 0.7), but poor reliability for three individual Western blots (interclass correlation, ≤ 0.4) (Table 3). Keywords: Autophagy, Mitophagy, ELISA, Western blot, Skeletal muscl

Application examples of a very economic way of cellular sprayed concrete on retaining wall and artificial rock

An economic slope structure construction method for landscape was developed, which utilized the cellular sprayed concrete for high performance shotcrete. This can improve the performance of shotcrete material, maximize the construction advantages of shotcrete and further harmonize with the surrounding environment. This may solve various problems such as efficient slope stabilization of large-scale slopes from natural disasters that occur annually due to climate change, the necessity of disaster prevention and restoration technologies, existing slope maintenance and reinforcement construction methods for weathering. This construction method maximizes the economic feasibility by manufacturing a high-performance cellular shotcrete using an ordinary ready mixed concrete and concrete pump car. Cellular shotcrete is produced by incorporating cellular and mineral admixtures in the process of remixing and dispersing the mineral admixture in an ordinary ready mixed concrete at a job site. High strength and high durability are secured by using high-performance cellular shotcrete without using accelerators. Speed and safety are improved by adopting a concrete pump car reaching a far way on the slope without formwork in the top-down and bottom-up method. In addition, this technique can highlight nature-friendly scenery since it is a construction method that comprehends natural rock shapes and colors, by carving various natural rock patterns on the placed high-performance shotcrete before the thickness is adjusted and before it hardens. After curing for a certain period of time, a coloring agent like stain is sprayed on the surface to develop color by neutralization reaction

Direct observation of microscopic change induced by oxygen vacancy drift in amorphous TiO2 thin films

To clarify the resistive switching and failure mechanisms in Al/amorphous TiO2 /Al devices we investigate the microscopic change in amorphous titanium oxide films and interface layers after the set process according to film deposition temperatures. For low temperature (<150 ??C) samples, the thickness of top interface layer decreased after the set process due to the dissociation of a top interface layer by uniform migration of oxygen vacancies. Meanwhile, for high temperature samples, crystalline TiO phases emerged in the failed state, meaning the formation of conducting paths from the local clustering of oxygen vacancies in nonhomogeneous titanium oxide film.open221