14 research outputs found
Schematic of different phylogenetic trees for the four gibbon genera.
<p>The trees represented in box A to F have been proposed as the results of previous studies and can be compared with the maximum-likelihood tree found in this study (G). (A) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-VanNgoc1" target="_blank">[2]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Roos1" target="_blank">[7]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Chatterjee1" target="_blank">[8]</a>, (B) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Mller1" target="_blank">[6]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Zehr1" target="_blank">[11]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Kim1" target="_blank">[12]</a>, (C) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Takacs1" target="_blank">[9]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Israfil1" target="_blank">[10]</a>, (D) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Groves1" target="_blank">[3]</a>, (E) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Geissmann1" target="_blank">[4]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Haimoff1" target="_blank">[5]</a>, (F) cf. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0053682#pone.0053682-Meyer1" target="_blank">[28]</a>.</p
Description of the individuals used in this study.
<p>Description of the individuals used in this study.</p
Average frequency of pairwise differences (%) within (Ď€<sub>w</sub>) and between (Ď€<sub>b</sub>) gibbon samples.
<p>Average frequency of pairwise differences (%) within (Ď€<sub>w</sub>) and between (Ď€<sub>b</sub>) gibbon samples.</p
Population Genetic Structure and Origins of Native Hawaiians in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
<div><p>The population genetic structure of Native Hawaiians has yet to be comprehensively studied, and the ancestral origins of Polynesians remain in question. In this study, we utilized high-resolution genome-wide SNP data and mitochondrial genomes of 148 and 160 Native Hawaiians, respectively, to characterize their population structure of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, ancestral origins, and population expansion. Native Hawaiians, who self-reported full Native Hawaiian heritage, demonstrated 78% Native Hawaiian, 11.5% European, and 7.8% Asian ancestry with 99% belonging to the B4 mitochondrial haplogroup. The estimated proportions of Native Hawaiian ancestry for those who reported mixed ancestry (i.e. 75% and 50% Native Hawaiian heritage) were found to be consistent with their self-reported heritage. A significant proportion of Melanesian ancestry (mean = 32%) was estimated in 100% self-reported Native Hawaiians in an ADMIXTURE analysis of Asian, Melanesian, and Native Hawaiian populations of K = 2, where K denotes the number of ancestral populations. This notable proportion of Melanesian admixture supports the “Slow-Boat” model of migration of ancestral Polynesian populations from East Asia to the Pacific Islands. In addition, approximately 1,300 years ago a single, strong expansion of the Native Hawaiian population was estimated. By providing important insight into the underlying population structure of Native Hawaiians, this study lays the foundation for future genetic association studies of this U.S. minority population.</p> </div
Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis of GWAS data.
<p>HGDP representative samples with European, East Asian and Oceanian ancestry and are plotted against Native Hawaiians with various degrees of self-reported ancestry in MDS dimensions.</p
Native Hawaiian specific mitochondrial SNP with minimum allele frequency >1%.
<p>Native Hawaiian specific mitochondrial SNP with minimum allele frequency >1%.</p
Average of each ancestral clustering estimated by ADMIXTURE for K = 5 and K = 6.
<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0047881#pone-0047881-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2A and 2B</a> illustrate the mean values for each proportion of ancestry based on GWAS data. Pop1-6 are the ancestral populations representing the European, African, East Asian, American, Oceanian, and Hawaiian populations, respectively.</p
Supervised ADMIXTURE results for K = 2 using Native Hawaiians, East Asian and Oceanian populations.
<p>Supervised ADMIXTURE results for K = 2 using Native Hawaiians, East Asian and Oceanian populations.</p
ADMIXTURE clustering of Native Hawaiians for K = 5 (A) and K = 6 (B). <b>Figures 1A and 1B</b> illustrate the clustering of Native Hawaiians and HGDP samples based on GWAS data.
<p>Each vertical bar represents an individual's proportion of K ancestral clusters (i.e. color) as estimated by ADMIXTURE.</p
BEAST analysis of 160 Native Hawaiian mitochondrial genomes.
<p>All default values were used to generate the effective population size as a function of time with 95% confidence intervals.</p