48 research outputs found
Hedge fund market runs during financial crises
Hedge funds exit financial markets simultaneously after enormous
shocks, such as the global financial crisis. While previous studies
highlight only fund investors’ synchronized withdrawals as the
major driver of massive asset liquidations, we primarily focus on
informed and rational fund managers and suggest a theoretical
model that illustrates fund managers’ synchronized market runs.
This study shows that the possibility of runs induces panic-based
market runs not because of systematic risk itself but because of
the fear of runs. We find that when the market regime changes
from a normal to a ‘bad’ state in which runs are possible, hedge
funds reduce their investments prior to runs. In addition, market
runs are more likely to occur in markets in which hedge funds
have greater market exposure and uninformed traders are more
sensitive to past price movement
The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury
Background Radiotherapy improves overall survival in patients with abdominopelvic malignancies. However, the toxic effects of radiation restrict the maximum dose that can be given, and there are no well-established preventive or therapeutic strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate whether rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin have a suppressive effect on acute ionizing radiation (IR)-induced inflammation in the intestines of mice. Methods Thirty-six ICR mice were divided into a vehicle-treated group with sham irradiation; a vehicle-treated group with irradiation; rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin-treated groups with irradiation; and a rebamipide-treated group with sham irradiation. The expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic factors was investigated. Results The downregulated expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase by IR was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drugs suppressed the IR-induced activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs (p<0.05) and attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in response to IR (p<0.05). The administration of all drugs markedly attenuated IR-induced increases in iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 (p<0.05), as well as [Ca2+] oscillations that were increased by IR. The expression of proapoptotic genes and antiapoptotic genes was suppressed and induced, respectively, by all drugs. IR treatment increased the release of cytochrome C, which was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drug treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 (p<0.05), which were both upregulated following IR treatment. Conclusions The administration of rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin prior to radiation therapy may prevent or attenuate acute radiation-induced enterocolitis
Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Type Ic SN 2021krf: Luminous Late-time Emission and Dust Formation
We present near-infrared (NIR) and optical observations of the Type Ic
supernova (SN Ic) SN 2021krf obtained between days 13 and 259 at several
ground-based telescopes. The NIR spectrum at day 68 exhibits a rising -band
continuum flux density longward of 2.0 m, and a late-time optical
spectrum at day 259 shows strong [O I] 6300 and 6364 \r{A} emission-line
asymmetry, both indicating the presence of dust, likely formed in the SN
ejecta. We estimate a carbon-grain dust mass of 2 10
M and a dust temperature of 900 - 1200 K associated with this
rising continuum and suggest the dust has formed in SN ejecta. Utilizing the
one-dimensional multigroup radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA, we present two
degenerate progenitor solutions for SN 2021krf, characterized by C-O star
masses of 3.93 and 5.74 M, but with the same best-fit Ni mass
of 0.11 M for early times (0-70 days). At late times (70-300 days),
optical light curves of SN 2021krf decline substantially more slowly than that
expected from Co radioactive decay. Lack of H and He lines in the
late-time SN spectrum suggests the absence of significant interaction of the
ejecta with the circumstellar medium. We reproduce the entire bolometric light
curve with a combination of radioactive decay and an additional powering source
in the form of a central engine of a millisecond pulsar with a magnetic field
smaller than that of a typical magnetar.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 27 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables.
Previous arXiv submission (arXiv:2211.00205) replaced after acceptanc
Correlation of Protumor Effects of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 with Interleukin-10 Expression in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is known to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of
neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 is predominantly expressed in the
lung as well as the brain. However, it is unclear whether LRRK2 expression correlates with the
pathogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). This study analyzes the prognostic significance
of LRRK2 in LUSC using the Kaplan-Meier plotter tool. High expression of LRRK2 is known to be
associated with a bad prognosis in patients with LUSC. Patients with high LRRK2 expression, tumor
mutational burden, high neoantigen load, and even gender correlation reportedly have the worse
survival rates. In the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database, the severity of
pathogenesis in LUSC with high LRRK2 expression positively corresponds to a high expression of
anti-inflammatory cytokines but not inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, the increased expression of
interleukin (IL)10-related genes was shown to be significantly linked in LRRK2-high LUSC patients
having a poor prognosis. Moreover, the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database suggests
that macrophages are one of the cellular sources of IL10 in LRRK2-high LUSC patients. Collectively,
our results demonstrate that the postulated LRRK2-IL10 axis is a potential therapeutic target and
prognostic biomarker for LUSC
p62/SQSTM1 Enhances NOD2-Mediated Signaling and Cytokine Production through Stabilizing NOD2 Oligomerization
<div><p>NOD2 is a cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor that senses muramyl dipeptide of peptidoglycan that constitutes the bacterial cell wall, and plays an important role in maintaining immunological homeostasis in the intestine. To date, multiple molecules have shown to be involved in regulating NOD2 signaling cascades. p62 (sequestosome-1; SQSTM1) is a multifaceted scaffolding protein involved in trafficking molecules to autophagy, and regulating signal cascades activated by Toll-like receptors, inflammasomes and several cytokine receptors. Here, we show that p62 positively regulates NOD2-induced NF-κB activation and p38 MAPK, and subsequent production of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. p62 associated with the nucleotide binding domain of NOD2 through a bi-directional interaction mediated by either TRAF6-binding or ubiquitin-associated domains. NOD2 formed a large complex with p62 in an electron-dense area of the cytoplasm, which increased its signaling cascade likely through preventing its degradation. This study for the first time demonstrates a novel role of p62 in enhancing NOD2 signaling effects.</p> </div