Neurotized Free Muscle Flaps can Produce MRI Changes Mimicking Tumour Recurrence

Soft tissue sarcomas are investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both for initial staging and follow-up. We describe the presence of increased signal on T2-weighted images caused by a neurotized muscle flap following reconstructive surgery. This raised concern about possible sarcoma recurrence that was not clinically evident. On post-operative imaging of sarcomas the presence of recurrent tumour is indicated by a mass and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. However, high signal changes in skeletal muscle on T2-weighted images are not specific. In this case, the free functioning muscle transfer with neurotization of the flap mimicked recurrence on MR scan. High signal intensity on T2-weighted images in muscle is an indication of either a physiological change or a pathological condition and must be taken in context of the clinical picture

PEST analysis of present Indian telecom sector

The telecom sector has gained massive growth in India. It has 1.8 million subscribers and it is the world’s second largest telecom sector. Currently telecom sector has drastically changed their structure and technology. The 4G spectrum has changed the customer’s perception and motivation. The objective of the study is to explore the future opportunities of Indian telecom sector. For this purpose, PEST analysis was used. There was a lack of studies that focused on the Political, Economic, Social and Technological areas of the telecom sector. The study found that there are opportunities in rural telecom sector but they are not utilized in the proper manner. Keywords: Telecom sector in India, Political analysis, Economic analysis, Social analysis and Technology analysi

PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI KOMUNIKASI ( Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Pemanfaatan TIK pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang) Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang pemanfaatan media IT/TIK (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) pada Siswa kelas 7 SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang taun pelajaran 2018-2019. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan siswa mendapatkan wacana baru untuk dapat memanfaatkan kemajuan perangkat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang membantu apa yang mereka lakukan, Peneliti ingin tahu persis bagaimana gambaran pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang. Berbeda dengan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya Dilakukan di fasilitas atau fasilitas teknologi informasi di Indonesia masih terbatas dan tidak merata. Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui instrumen tes dan non tes, lembar observasi, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi.  Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti tertarik untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana gambaran siswa SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang mengenali dan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi di sekolah dari usia siswa tersebut saat pertama menggunakan fasilitas IT.  Kapan siswa kelas 7 SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang tahun pelajaran 2018-2019 mengenali dan memanfaatkan fasilitas teknologi informasi seperti komputer, laptop, Smartphone dan Internet. Fasilitas teknologi informasi seperti komputer, laptop dan internet yang dimiliki oleh sekolah, dan alasan-alasan yang mendorong siswa SMP Negeri 1 Plumpang memanfaatkan teknologi informasi di sekolah hingga seberapa sering penggunaan alat teknologi informasi yang mereka lakukan dengan memanfaatkan sarana teknologi seperti komputer, laptop, dan internet di sekolah.</jats:p

Aging and bone metabolism in African American and Caucasian women

There is limited information concerning bone mineral density (BMD) and its determinants across a wide spectrum of ages in African American females (AAF). Therefore, we have performed a cross-sectional study of 54 AAF and 39 Caucasian females (CF), aged 20-90 yr, to quantify femoral and lumbar bone mineral density, total body calcium, as well as the potential determinants of bone density. BMD decreased with age in all sites after age 40 yr in both racial groups. Bone density was greater in AAF than in CF, although there was considerable overlap between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of age-related bone loss between the two groups. At the femoral neck, BMD was below the fracture threshold in 28% of the postmenopausal AAF compared to 47% of postmenopausal CF. L1-L4 BMD was below the fracture threshold in 8% of postmenopausal AAF and 11% of postmenopausal CF. Serum-25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was inversely related to age in both ethnic groups and lower (P < 0.05) in premenopausal AAF than CF. Twenty-four percent of the AAF and 22% of the CF had serum 25OHD levels of 8 ng/L or less. Serum PTH was directly related to age (r = 0.43; P = 0.003 in AAF and r = 0.55; P = 0.002 in CF), and 25OHD was inversely related to age (r = -0.43; P = 0.003 in AAF and r = -0.65; P < 0.001 in CF). PTH was higher (P < 0.05) in postmenopausal AAF than in CF. Serum testosterone was greater in AAF than in CF (P < 0.05). Serum estradiol was greater in premenopausal AAF than in CF. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was inversely related to age (r = 0.42; P = 0.004 in AAF and r = 0.51; P = 0.005 in CF). Serum osteocalcin was related to age in AAF (r = 0.47 P = 0.001), but not in CF. There was also a trend for an increase in urinary dipyridinoline (expressed per 100 mg urinary creatinine) with age (r = 0.31; P = 0.055 in AAF and r = 0.37; P = 0.066 in CF). Both lean and fat mass were major determinants of femoral neck BMD in AAF. Femoral BMD was directly related to body weight and body mass index in both races. Serum 25OHD and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate approached statistical significance as independent predictors of femoral BMD in AAF. We conclude that in AAF, 1) bone density is higher than in CF, but there is a significant risk of fracture in a substantial number of subjects on the basis of BMD; 2) there is no difference in rates of age-related bone loss compared to those in CF; 3) both lean and fat mass are significant determinants of bone density; 4) serum estradiol and testosterone were higher than those in CF; and 5) aging is associated with increased bone turnover, 25OHD deficiency, and secondary hyperparathyroidism in both races. The absence of a difference in rates of bone loss between AAF and CF despite higher serum levels of PTH is compatible with the concept of a relative skeletal resistance to PTH in AAF.H M Perry the third, M Horowitz, J E Morley, S Fleming, J Jensen, P Caccione, D K Miller, F E Kaiser, and M Sundaru