Almost Irresolute Functions Via Generalized Topology

A function f : (X, μ ) → (Y, σ ) is said to be almost ( μ, σ ) - irresolute if f - 1 (V) ∈ so(X, μ ) for every regular semi-open set V of Y . In this paper the authors introduce and investigate almost ( μ , σ )- irresolute, quasi ( μ , σ )- irresolute on generalized topological space (X, μ ) into the topological space (Y, σ ) . Some characterizations and properties of such a type of functions are discussed

Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Penyakit Ginjal Kronik di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2012

Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia karena prevalensinya terus meningkat, tidak hanya menyebabkan gagal ginjal tetapi juga menyebabkan komplikasi kardiovaskular dan kematian, serta sebagian besar baru terdiagnosis pada derajat akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko PGK di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang tahun 2012. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diambil dengan cara mencatat rekam medik pasien, meliputi umur, jenis kelamin,  riwayat hipertensi, diabetes melitus, infeksi saluran kemih, batu saluran kemih, lupus eritematosus sistemik, kadar ureum dan kreatinin serum. Laju filtrasi glomerulus dihitung menggunakan formula Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik. Didapatkan Prevalensi PGK di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang sebesar  61% dengan  8,7% derajat 3a; 4,7% derajat 3b; 6,3% derajat 4; dan 41,3% derajat 5. PGK banyak pada perempuan (53%) dibanding laki-laki (47%)  dan meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan usia. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara PGK dengan riwayat hipertensi (p=0,000, OR=3,292, CI95%2,029-5,343), diabetes melitus (p=0,000, OR=3,679, CI95%=1,945-6,958), infeksi saluran kemih (p=0,004, OR=4,678, CI95%=1,589-13,777) dan batu saluran kemih (p=0,011, OR=4,926, CI95%=1,435-16,907)

Requirements for translation re-initiation in Escherichia coli: roles of initiator tRNA and initiation factors IF2 and IF3

Despite its importance in post-transcriptional regulation of polycistronic operons in Escherichia coli, little is known about the mechanism of translation re-initiation, which occurs when the same ribosome used to translate an upstream open reading frame (ORF) also translates a downstream ORF. To investigate translation re-initiation in Escherichia coli, we constructed a di-cistronic reporter in which a firefly luciferase gene was linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene using a segment of the translationally coupled geneV–geneVII intercistronic region from M13 phage. With this reporter and mutant initiator tRNAs, we show that two of the unique properties of E. coli initiator tRNA – formylation of the amino acid attached to the tRNA and binding of the tRNA to the ribosomal P-site – are as important for re-initiation as for de novo initiation. Overexpression of IF2 or increasing the affinity of mutant initiator tRNA for IF2 enhanced re-initiation efficiency, suggesting that IF2 is required for efficient re-initiation. In contrast, overexpression of IF3 led to a marked decrease in re-initiation efficiency, suggesting that a 30S ribosome and not a 70S ribosome is used for translation re-initiation. Strikingly, overexpression of IF3 also blocked E. coli from acting as a host for propagation of M13 phage