The Presence of HPV in Dental Calculus: It’s Role in Pathogenesis of Oral and Cervical Cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection accounts for approximately 5.2% of the worldwide human cancer burden. Molecular epidemiologic evidence clearly indicates that certain types of HPV are the principal cause of both cervical and oral cancers. Major oncoproteins E6 and E7 can inactivate p53 and pRB proteins because it happened genome instability and dysregulation host cell cycles. This virus is an epithelial tropism, vulnerable area mainly at the basal layer and epithelial stem cell, because it still has a high proliferation capacity, so it can support the replication of the virus. Virions bind initially to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG). More than 99% cervical cancer arise at the cervical transformation zone. In oral cavity, exposed areas of the basal layer will be very susceptible to HPV infection. The HPV presence in the oral area is considered as one of the etiologics of oral cancer in those who do not have bad habits such as smoking, betel chewing, or poor oral hygiene. Our study successfully identified HPV type 58 in dental calculus. Dental calculus, calcified oral plaque biofilm, has been shown to be an abundant, nearly ubiquitous, and long-term reservoir of the ancient oral microbiome, including bacteria, archaea, eukaryote, and viruses. During biomineral maturation process, several biological contents around the oral region should be trapped, including the exfoliated virus contained cells. Dental calculus is a promising source of HPV and carcinogens molecules in the oral cavity and could be used as a biomarker for early detection

Association between Handgrip Strength and Oral Hygiene Skills Among The Older People in Rural Area: A Pilot Study

  Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength. It causes the deterioration of handgrip muscles. Diminishing handgrip strength can impact the activities of daily life, including the maintenance of oral hygiene. A toothbrush handle must be gripped firmly enough to remove plaque. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine handgrip muscle strength and oral hygiene skills in the elderly. Methods: This study was a correlational analysis using a cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique of the elderly. The study was conducted in the rural village of Sinartanjung, Banjar, West Java, Indonesia. Handgrip strength was measured twice using an Electronic Hand Dynamometer Camry EH 101. Oral hygiene skills were assessed using the O'Leary plaque index to measure plaque control. Data were presented in tables and as percentages. A non-parametric statistical Spearman rank test was used to measure the correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skill. Results: Forty-two the elderly people participated in this study, 31 females (73.80%) and 11 males (26.19%). The average handgrip strength was in the normal category (19.80 ± 7.2) kg and the average plaque index was in the moderate category (0.34 ± 0.16). The Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skills, r=0.521, p=0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Maintained handgrip strength in the elderly ensures an adequate toothbrush grip, thereby improving oral hygiene skills and increasing the amount of plaque that can be removed

Periodontal status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a scoping review

Periodontitis is the most common condition of chronic periodontal infection and inflammation in the elderly population. Periodontal disease can cause local inflammation that contributes to higher risk of systemic inflammatory disease. Current research suggests a possible link between periodontal disease and neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the study is to provide a profile of the periodontal tissue status in people with Alzheimer’s disease. This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guideline, and the searching was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCOHost databases during February 6th – February 7th, 2021 with keywords of periodontal disease, periodontitis, periodontal inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. It also included MeSH terms of “periodontal disease” and “Alzheimer’s disease” if available. Additionally, snowballing technique was used to include more articles. The identification and writing process for this article followed the PRISMA-ScR framework. There were 60 articles included in this study. This scoping review shows a profile of general characteristics including decreased oral hygiene and periodontal tissue status showed by high score of plaque and calculus, gingival inflammation, high percentage of Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) along with deterioration of cognitive function. There was a decreasing level of periodontal health along with the decline in cognitive function experienced by AD participants. However, further research is needed to see the mechanism of this relationship

Immunoexpression of cytokeratin 19 in oral cavity mucous smear of filter cigarette smokers

Smoking has become general habits in social life. One popular kind is filtered cigarette. As the base component is tobacco without clove and separated by the filter on it. Long irritation from heat and a toxic component of cigarette changed in oral mucosa epithelial. This condition can stimulate the increase of progenitor cells, which is marked by immunohistochemistry staining method of cytokeratin 19. This descriptive study is to find the expression of cytokeratin 19 in oral mucosa cytoplasm epithelial of filter cigarette smokers. There were 30 smokers which were selected with certain criteria. Samples were taken from a cytological smear of mucosa epithelial then stained with immunohistochemistry method. Analysis has taken by calculating the number of cells in the cytological smear. Then the immunoexpression of cytokeratin 19 was known from the percentage of cytoplasm cells which have brown colour compared with a total number of cells. In conclusion, the smoking filter cigarette would increase the number of progenitor cells from chronic inflammation, which is marked by cytokeratin 19 expression in oral mucosa cytoplasm epithelial of smokers

<p>Limfangiogenesis sebagai jalur alternatif metastasis kanker</p><p>Lymphangiogenesis as an alternative pathway for cancer metastasis</p>

Pendahuluan: Metastasis merupakan salah satu sifat kanker yang dapat terjadi melalui berbagai cara yaitu melalui rongga tubuh, melalui pembuluh limfatik, dan melalui pembuluh darah. Pembuluh limfatik merupakan jalur penting dalam metastasis kanker karena sel kanker yang lepas dari kanker primernya dapat berjalan melalui pembuluh limfatik dan menuju nodus limfatikus untuk memasuki pembuluh vena serta menyebabkan metastasis ke organ sekitar. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan untuk menelaah limfangiongenesis sebagai alternative metastasis kanker. Metode: Artikel ini dikumpulkan dengan memanfaatkan pencarian di database jurnal kesehatan bereputasi internasional menggunakan kata kunci metastasis, lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vessel, VEGFR-3 dari pencarian tersebut ditemukan 27 artikel yang dapat digunakan dalam penulisan sistematik review. Simpulan: Limfangiogenesis dapat terjadi pada kanker melalui interaksi antara VEGF-C dan VEGF-D yang dihasilkan oleh kanker ataupun oleh makrofag dengan reseptornya VEGFR-3 yang terdapat pada endotel pembuluh limfatik yang ada. Limfangiogenesis pada kanker akan menambah jalur metastasis sel kanker menuju pembuluh limfatik. Kata kunci: Metastasis, limfangiogenesis, pembuluh limfatik, VEGFR-3.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Metastasis is one of the characteristics of cancer that can occur through various ways, namely through the body cavity, through lymphatic vessels, and through blood vessels. Lymphatic vessels are an important pathway in cancer metastasis because cancer cells that are released from the primary cancer can travel through the lymphatic vessels and into the lymph nodes to enter the veins and cause metastasis to the surrounding organs. This literature study aims to examine limfangiongenesis as an alternative metastatic cancer. Methods: This article was collected using a search in a database of international reputable health journals using the keyword metastasis, lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vessel, VEGFR-3 from the search, found 27 articles that could be used in systematic review reviews. Conclusion: Lymphangiogenesis can occur in cancer through the interaction between VEGF-C and VEGF-D produced by cancer or by macrophages with its receptor VEGFR-3 found in the existing lymphatic vessel endothelium. Lymphangiogenesis in cancer will increase the metastatic pathway of cancer cells to lymphatic vessels. Keywords: Metastasis, lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic vessel, VEGFR-3

Tissue reaction against implantation of nanocomposite and giomers

Dentistry today has inherited technological advancement from other Dental Material sciences, examples are Nanocomposite and Giomers. Nanocomposites and Giomers are common materials used in Dentistry. But what are the implications when these materials are used in practice? The aim for this the study shows the analysis of tissue reaction due to implantation of Nanocomposite and Giomers. The subcutaneous tissue of a mouse is substituted with the human gum tissues. In the experimental group, Nanocomposite and Giomers were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue abdomen region in mice. The slides were made from the surrounding of implantation for both experimental and control groups. The evaluation of the effects of the implant is done in a time interval. Evaluated time intervals are 24 hours, 7" day, 14th day, 21st day and 28th day respectively. The amounts of inflammatory cells formation in both groups were compared.Once the results of the inflammatory cells are evaluated in the given time interval for Nanocomposite, Giomer, and control group then they are statistically analyzed. The statistics used in the experiments is Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon. The conclusion of this research showed that statistically significant differences on lymphocytes value between treatment and control group

Immunoexpression of cytokeratin 19 in oral swab from fixed orthodontic appliance users

The use of fixed orthodontic appliances can improve someone's mastication, speech and appearance. However, this appliance acts as a strange object that may cause irritation to the mucosa epithelial of oral cavity, because of the friction and pressure from the components of the fixed orthodontic appliances which are in direct contact with the oral mucosa. Irritation in the oral mucosa could stimulate the increase of cytokeratin. The appearance of cytokeratin is then used to identify the condition of these cells. This study was a descriptive research to find the expression of cytokeratin 19 with immunohistochemical method in oral mucosa epithelial of fixed orthodontic appliances users. Sample in this study was chosen from 30 fixed orthodontic appliances users. The result of this study was determined by calculating the number of positive cells (brown), compared with total number of cells. The account of positive cells would present the reaction of the epithelial cells according to the inflamation stage which caused by the use of orthodontic appliances. As a conclusion of this study, the use of fixed orthodontic appliances may cause changes in epithelial mucosa which form an adaptation process by increasing the number of progenitor cells marked by cytokeratin 19