Microwave Solventless Synthesis of Meso-Tetrakis (Pentafluorophenyl)Poprphyrin (TPPF20) and Tris(Pentafluorophenyl))Corrole [Chemistry]

Organic chemistry is a two-semester course (Organic Chemistry I, SCC 251 and Organic Chemistry II, SCC 252) required for majors in Biology. The SCC 251 course has been designated for the Integrative Learning Core Competency as well the Digital Communication Ability. This course emphasizes the synthesis, structure, reactivity, and mechanisms of reaction of organic compounds. Laboratory stresses various organic synthetic and analytic techniques (distillation, extraction, chromatography and spectroscopy). This lab provided an opportunity for students to go deeper with the chemistry content by correlating to the concepts they learned in General Chemistry courses such as Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), resonance, polarity, dipole moment, acid-base reactions, mole concept, thermochemistry and chemical kinetics. In addition, for the experimental part, applying the techniques such as qualitative analysis of ions, filtration, melting point, optical spectroscopy, and molecular modelling. This lab was performed at the end of the semester when students are familiar with basic organic techniques such as distillation, crystallization, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography--techniques they learned previously in this lab. Overall, this lab was designed to develop critical thinking and integrative learning skills while introducing students to the porphyrin and green chemistry concepts. This experiment illustrates the several principles of green chemistry and is easily extendable to introduce topics in other chemistry courses such as NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 19F NMR), material chemistry, click chemistry, coordination chemistry and environmental chemistry. Learning outcomes that can be assessed using this lab include an understanding of laboratory procedures (methods and techniques), safety hazards, and instrumentation, understanding of concepts and theories gained by performing the experiment, collecting data through observation and/or experimentation (TLC and column chromatography), interpretation of the data (percent yield, UV-vis spectra), drawing conclusions and perspective of the experiment. The knowledge students gain during this process will be useful to connect with future chemistry courses and can also be utilized to do research. LaGuardia’s Core Competencies and Communication Abilities Main Course Learning Objectives: Based on the principles and methods of green chemistry concept, students will be able to develop the ability to analyze and evaluate organic chemical reactions and processes. Gather, analyze, and interpret experimental data and graph the UV visible spectra using Microsoft excel. The ChemDraw program is used to increase classroom experiences in the preparation of high quality chemical drawings. This software is used to draw and submit chemical compound. ChemDraw Professional can also be used to predict properties, generate spectra, construct correct IUPAC names, and calculate reaction stoichiometry

Hydrophilic Porphyrins based Chemosensors for First Transition Series Metal Ions [Chemistry]

General Chemistry is a two-semester course (General Chemistry I, SCC 201 and General Chemistry II, SCC 202) required for majors in Biology and Environmental Sciences. This lab experiment, aligned to LaGuardia Community College’s Inquiry and Problem Solving Core Competency and Written Communication Ability was designed for General Chemistry I (SCC 201 Honors) course. Honors courses in LaGuardia emphasize critical thinking, analytical writing, and introduce students to research. This lab experiment provides an opportunity for students to engage in hands-on laboratory work, to develop laboratory skills, and to conduct research in the classroom by using two water soluble porphyrins to detect transition metal ions in a solution and on a paper support. Overall, this experiment was designed to meet the demand for undergraduate research experiences and to engage all the students in addressing a research question or problem that is of interest to the scientific community. In order to demonstrate their learning, students write a formal lab report which includes an understanding of experiment procedures (methods and techniques), safety hazards, instrumentation, understanding of concepts and theories gained by performing the experiment, collecting data through observation and/or experimentation, interpretation of the data (Ultraviolet-visible spectra), analysis of the data in tables and graphs, and drawing conclusions and perspective from the experiment. The knowledge students gain during this lab experiment will be useful to connect with future chemistry courses and can also be utilized to do research. The lab write-up is deposited for the assessment of the Written Communication Ability to which SCC 201 is aligned. This experiment also raises awareness about a global concern. Students detect transition metal ions in aqueous solutions by use of porphyrins. Due to rapid growth in technology and industrialization, transition metals are used in large amounts in a variety of electronic products. The improper preservation of the industrial wastes leads to accumulation of these metals into water resources, which can create danger to human health and the environment. Therefore, there is a need to carefully monitor and frequently detect transition metal ions content in the environment. This lab experiment was implemented in an Honors section of General Chemistry SCC 201 and was worth about 3.5% of the final grade. The students are likely to spend 3 hours completing the experiment in the lab and another 3-4 hours completing the lab write-up. The Program Goals that this assignment targets: 1. To provide training to the students in various lab techniques and how to utilize these techniques to conduct research. The Student Learning Objective (s) that this assignment targets: 1. Students will have an enhanced conceptual understanding of the theory to practice relationship and will achieve higher level reasoning skills. 2. Students will be able to develop their practical competence in laboratory work. 3. Students will be able to collect data through observation and/or experimentation, preparation of solutions of known concentration, characterize the compounds by UV-vis spectra, and draw conclusions and perspective of the experiment. 4. Communicate their results through the formal lab report format of: Introduction, Chemicals, Procedure, Data, Discussion and References. LaGuardia’s Core Competencies and Communication Abilities The Course Objective (s) that this assignment targets: 1. Based on the principles of environmental chemistry, students will be able to detect the transition metal ions using a porphyrin as a sensor and explore the complex connections between chemistry and real world issues. 2. Observe, collect, analyze and interpret experimental data and graph the UV visible spectra using Microsoft Excel

Phytotoxic Effects of Cinnamic Acid on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

The present study deals with the effects of exogenous application of cinnamic acid (CA) on growth and metabolism in growing seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) in hydroponic culture. CA was added at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM concentrations. CA has shown inhibitory effects on shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. CA significantly decreased the photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase activity and protein content. Graded concentrations of CA increased lipid peroxidation and sugar content. The increasing concentrations of CA significantly increased the antioxidative enzyme activities viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase against the oxidative stress caused by CA

DEVELOPMENT OF CIPROFLOXACIN LOADED THROAT PAINT FOR THE TREATMENT OF STREP THROAT INFECTION

Objective: This study is to enhance the solubility and sustained release of ciprofloxacin (CPX) drug by amplifying the adhesive capability of formulation by forming throat paint for the Streptococcal pharyngitis, a sore throat infection. Methods: Solid dispersion was prepared by solvent evaporation technique, in which three different ratios of Polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) were selected, and the best ratio of solid dispersion was selected after characterization including Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with evaluation parameters including % yield, drug content, and drug solubility. In the case of throat paint, out of six different formulations, the best formulation was selected through viscosity, in vitro mucoadhesion, in situ release study, and spreadability parameters. Results: The DSC and SEM data proved that solid dispersion has a different moiety than its ingredients but it is quite a stable form. Formulation MD-2 was selected as the best formulation which able to increase the solubility of the drug by more than 3.5 folds, at the same time it shows the highest rate of drug dissolution of 13.951 μg/ml with % yield (97.199±0.167%) and drug content (96.425%). Throat paint was formed by fusion and trituration process and out of all six formulations F3 was selected as the best formulation on the basis of Viscosity (11932 Centi poise), Spreadability (17.621), Mucoadhesion (3937.481 dyne/cm2), and drug release (90.336±0.6%). Conclusion: Solid dispersion was successfully prepared with 3.5 times of solubility enhancement capability in comparison with pure CPX drug. The throat paint releases the drug (≥3 h) in a sustained manner with high mucoadhesive force

The Value of Certified Pre-Owned Vehicles for Lexus of Edmonton

Our objective was to discover productive improvements to Lexus of Edmonton’s (LoE) current Certified Pre-Owned (CPO) Vehicle practices by determining if CPO vehicles added value, and if so, what value was added. By utilizing multiple methods, we discovered areas in the used vehicle sector that Lexus of Edmonton could improve on. In order to conduct our research, five in-depth interviews, scholarly article evaluations, meet with the representatives of Lexus of Edmonton, and surveys were conducted using paper, email and social media tools such as Google surveys, Twitter and Facebook. The methods allowed our group to utilize statistical analysis to outline the importance of relationships between variables with the statistical software, SPSS. With the information received from statistical analysis, we believe that Lexus of Edmonton can succeed with the sale of CPO vehicles by following our recommendations, including: certification education, appropriate pricing of used vehicles, building trust, value-added certification benefits based on willingness to spend and targeted demographics, as well as further research

Cervical polyp: histomorphological spectrum of ninety-two cases a five-year study

Background: Cervix is vulnerable to many pathological changes ranging from inflammation to malignancy. Cervical polyp is one of the commonest cervical lesion seen in about 2-5% of women. They are more frequent in parous women and are mostly asymptomatic. Symptomatic polyps are frequent in the premenopausal women with most common clinical presentation of AUB(abnormal uterine bleed). Usually they are benign but there are chances of malignant transformation. This study was done to analyse the clinico-pathological spectrum of cervical polyp at a tertiary care institute Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in department of Pathology, BPS GMC for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat over a period of 5 years. All patients who had been diagnosed with cervical polyp clinically and underwent subsequent histopathological sampling were included. Results: A total of 92 cases were included in the study. AUB was the most common clinical presentation of these patients with cervical polyp. Most common age group was 30 to 55 years. Out of 92 cases 47 were of endocervical type polyp, followed by 20 cases of leiomyomatous polypConclusions: To conclude in this study we found that the most common type of cervical polyp is endocervical type. Keeping in view the malignant transformation histopathological sampling of polyp is essential

Oxomanganese(II)-Arsine Oxide Complexes from o-R₂AsC₆H₄CO₂H Ligands: Role of Inductive Effect and Reaction Conditions in Stabilizing Manganese(II)-Arsine Complexes

Reactions of Mn(O2CMe)2. nH2O (n = 0 and 4) with the ligand o-R2AsC6H4CO2H (where, R = alkyl substituent such as -CH3 (Me), -C2H5 (Et), and -C6H11) formed nine oxomanganese (II)-arsine oxide complexes: [Mn2O{(o-R2As(O)C6H4CO2)2(H2O)n}. n\u27 H2O] {R = -Me, n = 3; n\u27 = 0 (three isomers); R = -Et, n = 3, n\u27 = 0; n = 5, n\u27 = 1, 2; R = -C6H11, n = 5, n\u27 = 0 (two isomers), n = 1, n\u27 = 0} in the presence of both moisture and oxygen. The prepared complexes were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, and EPR spectroscopic techniques and were further confirmed by measuring their magnetic susceptibility, thermal and molar conductance. The formation of two different types of complexes was due to the difference in the inductive effect of aryl and the alkyl substituent and the change of the counter-anion, i.e., chloride and acetate and their role significantly helped in deciding the formation of oxomanganese(II)-arsine oxide or oxomanganese(II)-arsine complexes

Accuracy of Sonographic Airway Parameters in Difficult Laryngoscopy Prediction: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study from Central India

Objective:Though airway ultrasonography (USG) is used to assess difficult laryngoscopy (DL), there is still ambiguity about approach followed and parameters assessed. There is need of a simple, stepwise sonographic assessment with clearly defined parameters for DL prediction. The primary objective of this study was to find diagnostic accuracy of sonographic parameters measured by a stepwise Airway-USG in DL prediction (DLP).Methods:This prospective, observational cohort study was done in 217 elective surgical adult patients administered general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation using conventional laryngoscopy from 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2020, after ethical approval. A sagittal Airway-USG was done using 2-6 Hz transducer in three steps specifying probe placement and head position. Demographic, clinical and Airway-USG measurements were noted. Correlation of the clinical/sonographic parameters was made with Cormack-Lehane score on DL. After receiver operating characteristic curve plotting, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV) of DL was calculated for each parameter using open-epi software.Results:DL was observed in 19/217 patients. Airway-USG parameters of skin to epiglottis distance >2.45 cm, hyomental distance with head extension 3.93 cm and maximum skin to tongue distance >5.45 cm were statistically significant in predicting DL. DLP score with presence of >3 positive parameters showed 98% specificity, 98% NPV and 96% diagnostic accuracy to predict DL.Conclusion:DLP score derived from Airway-USG may be used as a screening and diagnostic tool for DL

Implications of tolerance to iron toxicity on root system architecture changes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

IntroductionToxicity due to excess soil iron (Fe) is a significant concern for rice cultivation in lowland areas with acidic soils. Toxic levels of Fe adversely affect plant growth by disrupting the absorption of essential macronutrients, and by causing cellular damage. To understand the responses to excess Fe, particularly on seedling root system, this study evaluated rice genotypes under varying Fe levels.MethodsSixteen diverse rice genotypes were hydroponically screened under induced Fe levels, ranging from normal to excess. Morphological and root system characteristics were observed. The onset of leaf bronzing was monitored to identify the toxic response to the excess Fe. Additionally, agronomic and root characteristics were measured to classify genotypes into tolerant and sensitive categories by computing a response stability index.ResultsOur results revealed that 460 ppm of Fe in the nutrient solution served as a critical threshold for screening genotypes during the seedling stage. Fe toxicity significantly affected root system traits, emphasizing the consequential impact on aerial biomass and nutrient deprivation. To classify genotypes into tolerant and sensitive categories, leaf bronzing score was used as a major indicator of Fe stress. However, the response stability index provided a robust basis for classification for the growth performance. Apart from the established tolerant varieties, we could identify a previously unrecognized tolerant variety, ILS 12–5 in this study. Some of the popular mega varieties, including BPT 5204 and Pusa 44, were found to be highly sensitive.DiscussionOur findings suggest that root system damage, particularly in root length, surface area, and root volume, is the key factor contributing to the sensitivity responses under Fe toxicity. Tolerant genotypes were found to retain more healthy roots than the sensitive ones. Fe exclusion, by reducing Fe2+ uptake, may be a major mechanism for tolerance among these genotypes. Further field evaluations are necessary to confirm the behavior of identified tolerant and sensitive lines under natural conditions. Insights from the study provide potential scope for enhancement of tolerance through breeding programs as well as throw light on the role root system in conferring tolerance