Characteristics of the two selected groups according to vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.

<p>The data are presented as the means (SD) or n (%).^*Hb<13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women (WHO guidelines); BMI, body mass index; H2 blocker, histamine 2 receptor blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; fL, femtoliter.</p><p>Characteristics of the two selected groups according to vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.</p

Characteristics of the subjects according to combination treatment with metformin.

<p>The data are presented as the means (SD) or n (%).^*Hb<13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women (WHO guidelines); BMI, body mass index; H2 blocker, histamine 2 receptor blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; fL, femtoliter.</p><p>S+M: Metformin + Sulfonylurea; I+M: Metformin + Insulin.</p><p>Characteristics of the subjects according to combination treatment with metformin.</p

The mean value of vitamin B₁₂ according to daily sulfonylurea dosage (* <i>P</i><0.05 vs. Group 1).

<p><b>Group 1</b>: glimepiride 1 mg, gliclazide 80 mg, gliclazide MR 30 mg, and glibenclamide 5 mg (n = 40); <b>Group 2</b>: glimepiride 2 mg, gliclazide 160 mg, gliclazide MR 60 mg, and glibenclamide 10 mg (n = 116); <b>Group 3</b>: glimepiride 3 mg, gliclazide 240 mg, gliclazide MR 90 mg, and glibenclamide 15 mg (n = 56); and <b>Group 4</b>: glimepiride 4 mg, gliclazide 320 mg, gliclazide MR 120 mg, and glibenclamide 20 mg (n = 87).</p

Clinical characteristics according to daily dosage of sulfonylurea.

<p>The data are presented as the means (SD) or n (%).^*Hb<13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women (WHO guidelines); BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar.</p><p><b>Group 1</b>; glimepiride 1 mg, gliclazide 80 mg, gliclazide MR 30 mg, glibenclamide 5 mg, <b>Group 2</b>; glimepiride 2 mg, gliclazide 160 mg, gliclazide MR 60 mg, glibenclamide 10 mg, <b>Group 3</b>; glimepiride 3 mg, gliclazide 240 mg, gliclazide MR 90 mg, glibenclamide 15 mg, <b>Group 4</b>; glimepiride 4 mg, gliclazide 320 mg, gliclazide MR 120 mg, glibenclamide 20 mg.</p><p>Clinical characteristics according to daily dosage of sulfonylurea.</p

Logistic regression analysis for potential risk factors of Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes.

<p>Logistic regression analysis for potential risk factors of Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes.</p

Correlation between the vitamin B₁₂ levels and the duration of metformin treatment in two different groups.

<p>A: S+M group, B: I+M group. R²: coefficient of determination.</p

Baseline clinical characteristics of the subjects.

<p>The data are shown as the means (SD) or n (%). ^*Hb<13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women (WHO guidelines); BMI, body mass index; H2 blocker, histamine 2 receptor blocker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; fL, femtoliter.</p><p>Baseline clinical characteristics of the subjects.</p

Relationship between daily dosage of sulfonylurea regimen and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.

<p>Multivariable logistic regression analysis models were adjusted as follows: model 1: sex, age; model 2: model 1 + diabetes duration, hypertension, HbA_1c; model 3: model 2 + duration of metformin, daily dose of metformin; model 4: model 3 + alcohol, hemoglobin, presence of anemia.</p><p><b>Group 1</b>; glimepiride 1 mg, gliclazide 80 mg, gliclazide MR 30 mg, glibenclamide 5 mg, <b>Group 2</b>; glimepiride 2 mg, gliclazide 160 mg, gliclazide MR 60 mg, glibenclamide 10 mg, <b>Group 3</b>; glimepiride 3 mg, gliclazide 240 mg, gliclazide MR 90 mg, glibenclamide 15 mg, <b>Group 4</b>; glimepiride 4 mg, gliclazide 320 mg, gliclazide MR 120 mg, glibenclamide 20 mg.</p><p>Relationship between daily dosage of sulfonylurea regimen and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.</p