Distributed Fusion Estimation for Multisensor Multirate Systems with Stochastic Observation Multiplicative Noises

This paper studies the fusion estimation problem of a class of multisensor multirate systems with observation multiplicative noises. The dynamic system is sampled uniformly. Sampling period of each sensor is uniform and the integer multiple of the state update period. Moreover, different sensors have the different sampling rates and observations of sensors are subject to the stochastic uncertainties of multiplicative noises. At first, local filters at the observation sampling points are obtained based on the observations of each sensor. Further, local estimators at the state update points are obtained by predictions of local filters at the observation sampling points. They have the reduced computational cost and a good real-time property. Then, the cross-covariance matrices between any two local estimators are derived at the state update points. At last, using the matrix weighted optimal fusion estimation algorithm in the linear minimum variance sense, the distributed optimal fusion estimator is obtained based on the local estimators and the cross-covariance matrices. An example shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms

Pročišćavanje i karakterizacija fibrinolitičkog enzima iz plijesni Rhizopus microsporus var. tuberosus

Extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from Rhizopus microsporus var. tuberosus was purified and characterised. The microorganism was isolated in a distillery from daqu, a fermentative agent used in the production of Chinese liquor and vinegar at diff erent temperatures. The fibrinolytic enzyme was partially purifi ed by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, DEAE Sepharose® Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of the fi brinolytic enzyme was estimated to be 24.5 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme showed optimal activity at pH=7.0 and 37 °C by fibrin plate method. It showed stronger resistance to the inhibition by trypsin and was stable at 37 °C retaining 96.1 % residual activity aft er 4 h of incubation. The fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme was enhanced by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+. Conversely, Zn2+ and Cu2+ partly inhibited enzymatic activity. Using fibrin plate method, we found that the enzyme not only degrades fibrin directly, but also activates plasminogen into plasmin to degrade fibrin. The results indicate that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot, and the possibility for application in the treatment of thrombosis.U radu je pročišćen i ispitan izvanstanični fibrinolitički enzim iz plijesni Rhizopus microsporus var. tuberosus. Mikroorganizam je izoliran u distileriji iz starter kulture koja se koristi za fermentaciju tradicionalnog kineskog likera i octa pri različitim temperaturama, tzv. daqu. Fibrinolitički je enzim djelomično pročišćen taloženjem pomoću amonijevog sulfata, dijalizom, ionskom kromatografijom na koloni DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow i gel-filtracijskom kromatografijom na koloni Sephadex G-7. Molekularna masa fibrinolitičkog enzima, određena pomoću SDS-PAGE, iznosila je 24,5 kDa. Optimalni uvjeti za aktivnost pročišćenog enzima bili su pH=7,0 i 37 °C. Enzim je bio otporan na inhibiciju tripsinom, stabilan pri 37 °C, te je zadržao 96,1 % aktivnosti nakon 4 sata inkubacije. Fibrinolitička se aktivnost enzima pojačala u prisutnosti iona Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ i Mn2+, dok su ioni Zn2+ i Cu2+ djelomično inhibirali njegovu aktivnost. Utvrđeno je da enzim izravno razgrađuje fibrin, i aktivira plazminogen, pri čemu nastali plazmin razgrađuje fibrin. Rezultati pokazuju da se pročišćeni enzim može primijeniti u liječenju tromboze, jer ima sposobnost razgradnje krvnih ugrušaka

Analysis on the endogenous mechanism of big data and tower management framework in intelligent manufacturing enterprises

This paper makes an in-depth comparative analysis of years of experience in intelligent manufacturing projects and literature research related to Big Data. The 4.0 value chain model and concept are put forward to carry out the logical analysis of the endogenous relationship drive and endogenous management mechanism of intelligent manufacturing. The intelligent manufacturing business management process under the 4.0 value chain is established, and the tower Big Data management framework of intelligent manufacturing enterprises is innovatively proposed. This paper discusses the connotation, elements and drive relationship of enterprise Big Data from three dimensions of business operation, information drive and management policies. The hierarchical structure and related connotation of Big Data are revealed, and the basic characteristics of intelligent manufacturing enterprises Big Data are analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the difference of the concept between enterprise Big Data and mass data and open the Big Data fundamental research driven by digitization management. It provides basic innovative ideas and scientific research methods for the new generation of digital virtual simulation, digital factory construction and industrial chain management

Association between Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Glu504Lys Polymorphism and Alcoholic Liver Disease

Background Only a subset of patients with excessive alcohol use develop alcoholic liver disease (ALD); though the exact mechanism is not completely understood. Once ingested, alcohol is metabolized by 2 key oxidative enzymes, alcohol (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). There are 2 major ALDH isoforms, cytosolic and mitochondrial, encoded by the aldehyde ALDH1 and ALDH2 genes, respectively. The ALDH2 gene was hypothesized to alter genetic susceptibility to alcohol dependence and alcohol-induced liver diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (rs671) glu504lys polymorphism and ALD. Methods ALDH2 genotype was performed in 535 healthy controls and 281 patients with ALD. Results The prevalence of the common form of the SNP rs671, 504glu (glu/glu) was significantly higher in patients with ALD (95.4%) compared to that of controls (73.7%, p<0.0001). Among controls, 23.7% had heterozygous (glu/lys) genotype when compared to 4.6% in those with ALD (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.09–0.28). The allele frequency for 504lys allele in patients with ALD was 2.3%; compared to 14.5% in healthy controls (OR 0.13, 95%CI 0.07–0.24). Conclusions Patients with ALDH2 504lys variant were less associated with ALD compared to those with ALDH2 504glu using both genotypic and allelic analyses

G9a Is Essential for EMT-Mediated Metastasis and Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Characters in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a particularly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, largely due to lymph node metastasis and local recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for cancer metastasis, and correlated with increased cancer stem cells (CSCs) characteristics. However, the mechanisms underlying metastasis to lymph nodes in HNSCC is poorly defined. In this study, we show that E-cadherin repression correlates with cancer metastasis and poor prognosis in HNSCC. We found that G9a, a histone methyltransferase, interacts with Snail and mediates Snail-induced transcriptional repression of E-cadherin and EMT, through methylation of histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9). Moreover, G9a is required for both lymph node-related metastasis and TGF-β-induced EMT in HNSCC cells since knockdown of G9a reversed EMT, inhibited cell migration and tumorsphere formation, and suppressed the expression of CSC markers. Our study demonstrates that the G9a protein is essential for the induction of EMT and CSC-like properties in HNSCC. Thus, targeting the G9a-Snail axis may represent a novel strategy for treatment of metastatic HNSCC