Additional file 1: of Exercise and cancer mortality in Korean men and women: a prospective cohort study

Table S1. List of cancers included in the study based on the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision codes. (DOCX 16 kb

Combined Effects of Smoking and Bilirubin Levels on the Risk of Lung Cancer in Korea: The Severance Cohort Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer. Bilirubin, an antioxidant, is inversely associated with the risk of diseases related to oxidative stress. This study was conducted to determine the influence of smoking and bilirubin levels on the risk of lung cancer in the Severance cohort study.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This study included 68,676 Korean who received a health examination at Severance Health Promotion Center from 1994 to 2004. Serum bilirubin measurements within normal range were divided into tertiles whereas smoking states were divided as never-smokers, former smokers and current smokers. A diagnosis of lung cancer was coded as occurring based on the report from the National Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p>Results</p><p>At the end of the study period, 240 patients (men: 181, women: 59) developed lung cancer. Compared to those with bilirubin levels ≥1.0 mg/dL, HRs (95% CI) for lung cancer were 2.8 (1.8–4.2) for subjects having bilirubin levels from 0.2 to 0.7 mg/dL in men. When we stratified our analysis by smoking status, bilirubin consistently showed a protective effect on the risk of lung cancer on both never- and current smokers. Current smokers having bilirubin levels from 0.2 to 0.7 mg/dL had a risk of lung cancer by 6.0-fold higher than never-smokers with bilirubin levels ≥1.0 mg/dL in men.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In this large prospective study, higher baseline bilirubin level in the normal range was associated with low risk of lung cancer. Smoking and low bilirubin levels were cumulatively associated with a higher risk of lung cancer.</p></div

Alcohol consumption and general characteristics by ALDH2 polymorphism at rs671 in men and women from the KCPS-II Biobank.

<p>Alcohol consumption and general characteristics by ALDH2 polymorphism at rs671 in men and women from the KCPS-II Biobank.</p

HR and 95% CI for lung cancer according to serum bilirubin levels^{^a}.

a<p>Adjusted for age, body mass index, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and alcohol intake.</p>b<p>Additionally adjusted for smoking status.</p><p>Abbreviation: PY, person year; SD, standard deviation; T3, highest tertile; T2, middle tertile; T1, lowest tertile.</p

Association of alcohol (10g ethanol) with fasting serum glucose using Mendelian Randomization analysis.

<p>Association of alcohol (10g ethanol) with fasting serum glucose using Mendelian Randomization analysis.</p

Association of various variables according to serum bilirubin levels, 1994–2004^{^a}.

a<p>All mean values were age-adjusted.</p><p>Abbreviation: HDL, high-density lipoprotein.</p><p>T3: highest tertile, T2: middle tertile, T1: lowest tertile.</p

Serum bilirubin levels according to the amount of smoking.

<p>Serum bilirubin levels according to the amount of smoking.</p

The association between serum total bilirubin level and the risk of lung cancer according to smoking status among Korean men^{^a}.

a<p>Adjusted for age, body mass index, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and alcohol intake.</p>b<p>Additionally adjusted for amount of smoking(per sig/day). 706 were excluded because of missing variable on amount of smoking.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study population (N = 68,676), 1994–2004^{^a,^b}.

a<p>Data are expressed as mean (standard error) unless otherwise indicated.</p>b<p>Except for age, all mean values were age-adjusted.</p><p>Abbreviation: HDL, high-density lipoprotein.</p

Mendelian randomization of alcohol intake and fasting serum glucose in men: the KCPS-II Biobank.

<p>Mendelian randomization of alcohol intake and fasting serum glucose in men: the KCPS-II Biobank.</p