Institutional Entrepreneurship and Acquiring Legitimacy of Social Commerce Platform

Research on social commerce has ignored the process and mechanism of institutional entrepreneurship. Based on the institutional theory, we use qualitative research methods to study the process of institutional entrepreneurship of social commerce. This paper also analyzes the legitimacy acquisition process of social commerce from the perspective of institutional contradiction and institutional logic. We found that, firstly, institutional contradictions existing in traditional e-commerce organization field are the fundamental motivation for institutional entrepreneurship of social commerce platform. Secondly, social commerce entrepreneur proposed new institutional logics which are the solutions according to the institutional contradictions existing in traditional e-commerce organization field. Thirdly, because of the new institutional logics proposed by institutional entrepreneur, social commerce platform acquired cognitive legitimacy and normative legitimacy. Finally, the factors of organizational field influence the whole process of institutional entrepreneurship of social commerce

Research on Simplified Calculation Method of Coupled Vibration of Vehicle-Bridge System

A modified moving loads’ model is proposed for the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration simulation. Taking the vehicle-bridge interaction model (VBI) as the reference, the accuracy and applicability of the three calculation models, namely, moving loads’ model, moving mass model, and spring-damper-mass model, are compared using the frequently-used railway simply-supported beam with a span of 32 meters as the research object. Influencing factors such as vehicle speed, mass ratio of vehicle and beam, and primary spring stiffness on the dynamic response of the vehicle-bridge system are discussed in detail. The results show that the moving load model has the best performance on the stability of the deviation rate, but its calculation results are smaller than the other two methods as well as the VBI. The values of the deviation rate for the moving mass model and the spring-damper-mass model are large, and the stability of those are insufficient in the range of 80%∼120% of the first resonance velocity. Except for that, the results of the two models are in good agreement with the VBI model. According to above analysis, a modified moving loads’ model with two amplification coefficients, namely, 1.10 for the range of 90%∼105% of the first resonance velocity and 1.05 for other velocities, are proposed, which has higher calculation efficiency and accuracy

Influence of environmental factors on Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud. seed germination and seedling emergence.

Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud. (field muskmelon) is an annual invasive weed in many parts of Asia. However, there is very little available information about the germination and emergence of this species. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of light, temperature, salt stress, osmotic stress, pH, and depth of planting on field muskmelon germination and seedling emergence. Light had no effect on seed germination, and the seeds germinated at a wide range of temperatures. More than 90% of the seeds germinated at constant temperatures between 20°C and 35°C, and fluctuating day/night temperatures between 15/25 and 30/40°C. The seeds were tolerant to salinity as germination occurred up to the 200 mM NaCl treatment. However, the seeds were sensitive to osmotic stress as seed germination was completely inhibited at -0.6 MPa. The seeds germinated over a pH range of 4 to 10, which suggested that pH was not a limiting factor for germination. Seedling emergence was greatest (97.86%) when the seeds were planted on the soil surface, but emergence declined as the burial depth increased. Information from this study can be used to predict future infestations in China and help develop strategies to manage this species

LINE-1 promotes tumorigenicity and exacerbates tumor progression via stimulating metabolism reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Background Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1 (LINE-1, L1) is increasingly regarded as a genetic risk for lung cancer. Transcriptionally active LINE-1 forms a L1-gene chimeric transcript (LCTs), through somatic L1 retrotransposition (LRT) or L1 antisense promoter (L1-ASP) activation, to play an oncogenic role in cancer progression. Methods Here, we developed Retrotransposon-gene fusion estimation program (ReFuse), to identify and quantify LCTs in RNA sequencing data from TCGA lung cancer cohort (n = 1146) and a single cell RNA sequencing dataset then further validated those LCTs in an independent cohort (n = 134). We next examined the functional roles of a cancer specific LCT (L1-FGGY) in cell proliferation and tumor progression in LUSC cell lines and mice. Results The LCT events correspond with specific metabolic processes and mitochondrial functions and was associated with genomic instability, hypomethylation, tumor stage and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Functional analysis of a tumor specific and frequent LCT involving FGGY (L1-FGGY) reveal that the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathway was activated by the loss of FGGY through the L1-FGGY chimeric transcript to promote tumor growth, which was effectively targeted by a combined use of an anti-HIV drug (NVR) and a metabolic inhibitor (ML355). Lastly, we identified a set of transcriptomic signatures to stratify the LUSC patients with a higher risk for poor outcomes who may benefit from treatments using NVR alone or combined with an anti-metabolism drug. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the role of L1 in metabolic reprogramming of lung cancer and provide rationale for L1-specifc prognosis and potential for a therapeutic strategy for treating lung cancer. Trial registration Study on the mechanisms of the mobile element L1-FGGY promoting the proliferation, invasion and immune escape of lung squamous cell carcinoma through the 12-LOX/Wnt pathway, Ek2020111. Registered 27 March 2020 ‐ Retrospectively registered

Cholesterol 25‐Hydroxylase Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating ADP Ribosylation Factor 4

Abstract Cholesterol 25‐hydroxylase (CH25H), an enzyme involved in cholesterol metabolism, regulates inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, its role in kidney disease is not known.  The author found that CH25H transcript is expressed mostly in glomerular and peritubular endothelial cells and that its expression increased in human and mouse diabetic kidneys.  Global deletion of Ch25h in Leprdb/db mice aggravated diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Treatment of 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25‐HC), the product of CH25H, alleviated kidney injury in Leprdb/db mice. Mechanistically, 25‐HC binds to GTP‐binding protein ADP‐ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4), an essential protein required for maintaining protein transport in the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, ARF4's GTPase‐activating protein ASAP1 is also predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and its expression increased in DKD. Suppression of ARF4 activity by deleting ARF4 or overexpressing ASAP1 results in endothelial cell death. These results indicate that 25‐HC binds ARF4 to inhibit its interaction with ASAP1, and thereby resulting in enhanced ARF4 activity to confer renoprotection. Therefore, treatment of 25‐HC improves kidney injury in DKD in part by restoring ARF4 activity to maintain endothelial cell survival. This study provides a novel mechanism and a potential new therapy for DKD

Effect of osmotic stress on field muskmelon germination after incubation at 30/20°C under a light/dark regime.

<p>Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Values represent the mean of eight replications with 20 seeds per replication.</p

Field muskmelon germination at 2, 6, and 10 d after harvest.

<p>Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Values represent the mean of eight replications with 20 seeds per replication.</p

Effect of constant temperature on field muskmelon germination after incubation under a 12 h photoperiod regime.

<p>Error bars represent standard errors of the means. Values represent the mean of eight replications with 20 seeds per replication.</p

Effect of pH on field muskmelon seed germination.

<p>Effect of pH on field muskmelon seed germination.</p

Effect of salt stress (mM) on field muskmelon seed germination.

<p>Effect of salt stress (mM) on field muskmelon seed germination.</p