4-[1-(Hydroxy­imino)ethyl]-N-(4-nitro­benzyl­idene)aniline

In the title compound, C15H13N3O3, the dihedral angle formed by the two benzene rings is 44.23 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.825 (3) and 3.870 (4) Å between the aniline and the nitro­benzene rings of neighbouring mol­ecules, respectively. In addition, the stacked mol­ecules exhibit inter­molecular C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Efficacy of the Combination of Voriconazole and Caspofungin in Experimental Pulmonary Aspergillosis by Different Aspergillus Species

OBJECTIVES: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, or Aspergillus niger is associated with high mortality. We evaluated the efficacy and compared the therapeutic effect differences of voriconazole (VRC) in combination with caspofungin (CAS) in transiently neutropenic rats infected by A. fumigatus, A. flavus, or A. niger. METHODS: Treatment groups consisted of VRC (10 mg/kg q12 h) monotherapy, CAS (1 mg/kg/day) monotherapy, combination of VRC (10 mg/kg q12 h) + CAS (1 mg/kg/day), and no drug for 10 consecutive days. The efficacy and the difference in the treatments were evaluated through prolongation of survival, reduction in serum galactomannan levels and residual fungal burden, and histological studies. RESULTS: For all the strains, the combination of VRC and CAS led to significant prolongation in survival (P < 0.05) and reduction in residual fungal burden (P < 0.05) compared with CAS alone, and decrease in serum galactomannan levels (P < 0.05) compared with either agent alone. The survival in the combined therapy groups was significantly improved compared to VRC monotherapy for the strains of A. flavus and A. niger (P < 0.05), but no significant difference for the strains of A. fumigatus (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combination of VRC and CAS was synergistic in IPA by A. flavus and A. niger, but small efficacy benefits in IPA by A. fumigatus

1,3-Bis[(4-nitro­benzyl­idene)amino­oxy]propane

The complete molecule of title compound, C17H16N4O6, is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis. Within the mol­ecule, the two benzene units are approximately perpen­dicular, making a dihedral angle of 85.91 (4)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and short O⋯O and N⋯O inter­actions, with distances of 2.998 (2) and 2.968 (3) Å, respectively

5,5′-Dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[(pentane-1,5-diyl­dioxy)bis­(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenol

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C21H26N2O6, which lies across a crystallographic inversion centre, crystallizes with two unique half-molecules in the symmetric unit and adopts a linear configuration and the imino group is coplanar with the aromatic ring, making a dihedral angle of 3.26 (3)°. Strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N and weak inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 4.419 (2) Å]establish an infinite three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Aerosolized amphotericin B as prophylaxis for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a meta-analysis

SummaryObjectivesInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is associated with high mortality in high-risk (immunosuppressed) patients. Many studies have investigated whether prophylactic inhalation of amphotericin B (AMB) reduces the incidence of IPA, but no definitive conclusions have been reached. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic inhalation of AMB for the prevention of IPA.MethodsMEDLINE and other databases were searched for relevant articles published until December 2013. Randomized controlled trials that compared aerosolized AMB with placebo were included. Two reviewers independently assessed and extracted the data of all trials.ResultsSix animal studies and two clinical trials involving 768 high-risk patients were eligible. The animal studies showed lower overall mortality rate among animals that underwent aerosolized AMB prophylaxis (odds ratio (OR) 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.21). Similarly, the clinical trials showed a lower incidence of IPA among patients who underwent aerosolized AMB prophylaxis (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22–0.79).ConclusionsThis analysis provides evidence supporting the notion that the prophylactic use of aerosolized AMB effectively reduces the incidence of IPA among high-risk patients

Identification of RD5-Encoded Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins As B-Cell Antigens Used for Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis

Comparative genomic studies have identified several Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific genomic regions of difference (RDs) which are absent in the vaccine strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and which may be useful in the specific diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). In this study, all encoded proteins from DNA segment RD5 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that is, Rv3117–Rv3121, were recombined and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibody reactivity with sera from HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 32). The results identified two immunodominant antigens, that is, Rv3117 and Rv3120, both of which revealed a statistically significant antigenic distinction between healthy controls and TB patients (P < 0.05). In comparison with the well-known early-secreted antigen target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) (sensitivity 21.7%, specificity 90.6%), the higher detection sensitivity and higher specificity were achieved (Rv3117: sensitivity 25%, specificity 96.9%; Rv3120: sensitivity 31.7%, specificity 96.9%). Thus, the results highlight the immunosensitive and immunospecific nature of Rv3117 and Rv3120 and indicate promise for their use in the serodiagnosis of TB

4,4′-Dimethyl-1,1′-[ethyl­enedioxy­bis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]dibenzene

The Schiff base, C18H20N2O2, which lies about an inversion centre, adopts a linear conformation. The mol­ecules are packed by C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming a two-dimensional supra­molecular network

2,2′-{1,1′-[Butane-1,4-diyl­bis(oxy­nitrilo)]di­ethylidyne}di-1-naphthol

The title compound, C28H28N2O4, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-acetyl-1-naphthol with 1,4-bis­(amino­oxy)butane in ethanol. The molecule, which lies about an inversion centre, adopts a linear structure, in which the oxime groups and naphthalene ring systems assume an anti conformation. The intra­molecular inter­planar distance between parallel naphthalene rings is 1.054 (3) Å. Intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are formed between the oxime nitro­gen and hydr­oxy groups

{2,2′-[1,1′-(Ethyl­enedioxy­dinitrilo)diethyl­idyne]di-1-naphtholato}copper(II)

The title complex, [Cu(C26H22N2O4)], is isostructural with its Ni analogue. All intramolecular distances and angles are very similar for the two structures, whereas the packing of the molecules, including C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions, are slightly different

Clinical Effect and Mechanism of Yisui Shengxue Granules in Thalassemia Patients with Mild, Moderate, or Severe Anemia

Yisui Shengxue granules, which is a Chinese traditional medicine, can increase hemoglobin, red blood cells, and Ret of thalassemia patients with mild, moderate, and severe anemia and thus relieve clinical anemia symptoms. Studies on mechanism found that Yisui Shengxue granules can increase the proliferation ability of hematopoietic stem cells. Emodin promoted colony forming of hematopoietic stem cells. Yisui Shengxue granules can increase the activity of GSH-PX in bone marrow blood and decreased the severity of inclusion bodies on the cytomembrane of RBCs. YSSXG attenuated anemia symptoms in patients with thalassemia mostly by increasing the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and decreasing the hemolysis of RBCs