119,463 research outputs found
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Precision Extrusion Deposition of Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Tissue Scaffolds
Freeform fabrication provides an effective process tool to manufacture advanced tissue scaffolds
with specific designed properties. Our research focuses on using a novel Precision Extrusion
Deposition (PED) process technique to directly fabricate Polycaprolactone (PCL) and composite
PCL/ Hydroxyapatite (HA) tissue scaffolds. The scaffold morphology and the mechanical
properties were evaluated using SEM and mechanical testing. In vitro biological studies were
conducted to investigate the cellular responses of the composite scaffolds. Results and
characterizations demonstrate the viability of the PED process as well as the good mechanical
property, structural integrity, controlled pore size, pore interconnectivity, and the biological
compatibility of the fabricated scaffolds.Mechanical Engineerin
Density-Dependent Synthetic Gauge Fields Using Periodically Modulated Interactions
We show that density-dependent synthetic gauge fields may be engineered by
combining periodically modu- lated interactions and Raman-assisted hopping in
spin-dependent optical lattices. These fields lead to a density- dependent
shift of the momentum distribution, may induce superfluid-to-Mott insulator
transitions, and strongly modify correlations in the superfluid regime. We show
that the interplay between the created gauge field and the broken sublattice
symmetry results, as well, in an intriguing behavior at vanishing interactions,
characterized by the appearance of a fractional Mott insulator.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Detection of a single-charge defect in a metal-oxide-semiconductor structure using vertically coupled Al and Si single-electron transistors
An Al-AlO_x-Al single-electron transistor (SET) acting as the gate of a
narrow (~ 100 nm) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)
can induce a vertically aligned Si SET at the Si/SiO_2 interface near the
MOSFET channel conductance threshold. By using such a vertically coupled Al and
Si SET system, we have detected a single-charge defect which is tunnel-coupled
to the Si SET. By solving a simple electrostatic model, the fractions of each
coupling capacitance associated with the defect are extracted. The results
reveal that the defect is not a large puddle or metal island, but its size is
rather small, corresponding to a sphere with a radius less than 1 nm. The small
size of the defect suggests it is most likely a single-charge trap at the
Si/SiO_2 interface. Based on the ratios of the coupling capacitances, the
interface trap is estimated to be about 20 nm away from the Si SET.Comment: 5 pages and 5 figure
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Surface constraints on the depth of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Southern Ocean versus North Atlantic
Paleoclimate proxy evidence suggests that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) was about 1000 m shallower at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the present. Yet it remains unresolved what caused this glacial shoaling of the AMOC, and many climate models instead simulate a deeper AMOC under LGM forcing. While some studies suggest that Southern Ocean surface buoyancy forcing controls the AMOC depth, others have suggested alternatively that North Atlantic surface forcing or interior diabatic mixing plays the dominant role. To investigate the key processes that set the AMOC depth, here we carry out a number of MITgcm ocean-only simulations with surface forcing fields specified from the simulation results of three coupled climate models that span much of the range of glacial AMOC depth changes in phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). We find that the MITgcm simulations successfully reproduce the changes in AMOC depth between glacial and modern conditions simulated in these three PMIP3 models. By varying the restoring time scale in the surface forcing, we show that the AMOC depth is more strongly constrained by the surface density field than the surface buoyancy flux field. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism by which the surface density fields in the high latitudes of both hemispheres are connected to the AMOC depth. We illustrate the mechanism using MITgcm simulations with idealized surface forcing perturbations as well as an idealized conceptual geometric model. These results suggest that the AMOC depth is largely determined by the surface density fields in both the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean
Quantum Thermalization With Couplings
We study the role of the system-bath coupling for the generalized canonical
thermalization [S. Popescu, et al., Nature Physics 2,754(2006) and S. Goldstein
et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 050403(2006)] that reduces almost all the pure
states of the "universe" [formed by a system S plus its surrounding heat bath
] to a canonical equilibrium state of S. We present an exactly solvable, but
universal model for this kinematic thermalization with an explicit
consideration about the energy shell deformation due to the interaction between
S and B. By calculating the state numbers of the "universe" and its subsystems
S and B in various deformed energy shells, it is found that, for the
overwhelming majority of the "universe" states (they are entangled at least),
the diagonal canonical typicality remains robust with respect to finite
interactions between S and B. Particularly, the kinematic decoherence is
utilized here to account for the vanishing of the off-diagonal elements of the
reduced density matrix of S. It is pointed out that the non-vanishing
off-diagonal elements due to the finiteness of bath and the stronger
system-bath interaction might offer more novelties of the quantum
thermalization.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Dipolar effect in coherent spin mixing of two atoms in a single optical lattice site
We show that atomic dipolar effects are detectable in the system that
recently demonstrated two-atom coherent spin dynamics within individual lattice
sites of a Mott state. Based on a two-state approximation for the two-atom
internal states and relying on a variational approach, we have estimated the
spin dipolar effect. Despite the absolute weakness of the dipole-dipole
interaction, it is shown that it leads to experimentally observable effects in
the spin mixing dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 3 color eps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
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