184 research outputs found
Unsupervised Annotation of Phenotypic Abnormalities via Semantic Latent Representations on Electronic Health Records
The extraction of phenotype information which is naturally contained in
electronic health records (EHRs) has been found to be useful in various
clinical informatics applications such as disease diagnosis. However, due to
imprecise descriptions, lack of gold standards and the demand for efficiency,
annotating phenotypic abnormalities on millions of EHR narratives is still
challenging. In this work, we propose a novel unsupervised deep learning
framework to annotate the phenotypic abnormalities from EHRs via semantic
latent representations. The proposed framework takes the advantage of Human
Phenotype Ontology (HPO), which is a knowledge base of phenotypic
abnormalities, to standardize the annotation results. Experiments have been
conducted on 52,722 EHRs from MIMIC-III dataset. Quantitative and qualitative
analysis have shown the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art annotation
performance and computational efficiency compared with other methods.Comment: Accepted by BIBM 2019 (Regular
Integrated Multi-omics Analysis Using Variational Autoencoders: Application to Pan-cancer Classification
Different aspects of a clinical sample can be revealed by multiple types of
omics data. Integrated analysis of multi-omics data provides a comprehensive
view of patients, which has the potential to facilitate more accurate clinical
decision making. However, omics data are normally high dimensional with large
number of molecular features and relatively small number of available samples
with clinical labels. The "dimensionality curse" makes it challenging to train
a machine learning model using high dimensional omics data like DNA methylation
and gene expression profiles. Here we propose an end-to-end deep learning model
called OmiVAE to extract low dimensional features and classify samples from
multi-omics data. OmiVAE combines the basic structure of variational
autoencoders with a classification network to achieve task-oriented feature
extraction and multi-class classification. The training procedure of OmiVAE is
comprised of an unsupervised phase without the classifier and a supervised
phase with the classifier. During the unsupervised phase, a hierarchical
cluster structure of samples can be automatically formed without the need for
labels. And in the supervised phase, OmiVAE achieved an average classification
accuracy of 97.49% after 10-fold cross-validation among 33 tumour types and
normal samples, which shows better performance than other existing methods. The
OmiVAE model learned from multi-omics data outperformed that using only one
type of omics data, which indicates that the complementary information from
different omics datatypes provides useful insights for biomedical tasks like
cancer classification.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Reboost Large Language Model-based Text-to-SQL, Text-to-Python, and Text-to-Function -- with Real Applications in Traffic Domain
The previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) method achieved a remarkable execution
accuracy on the Spider dataset, which is one of the largest and most diverse
datasets in the Text-to-SQL domain. However, during our reproduction of the
business dataset, we observed a significant drop in performance. We examined
the differences in dataset complexity, as well as the clarity of questions'
intentions, and assessed how those differences could impact the performance of
prompting methods. Subsequently, We develop a more adaptable and more general
prompting method, involving mainly query rewriting and SQL boosting, which
respectively transform vague information into exact and precise information and
enhance the SQL itself by incorporating execution feedback and the query
results from the database content. In order to prevent information gaps, we
include the comments, value types, and value samples for columns as part of the
database description in the prompt. Our experiments with Large Language Models
(LLMs) illustrate the significant performance improvement on the business
dataset and prove the substantial potential of our method. In terms of
execution accuracy on the business dataset, the SOTA method scored 21.05, while
our approach scored 65.79. As a result, our approach achieved a notable
performance improvement even when using a less capable pre-trained language
model. Last but not least, we also explore the Text-to-Python and
Text-to-Function options, and we deeply analyze the pros and cons among them,
offering valuable insights to the community
Inefficient Translocation of Preproinsulin Contributes to Pancreatic β Cell Failure and Late-onset Diabetes
Among the defects in the early events of insulin biosynthesis, proinsulin misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have drawn increasing attention as causes of β cell failure. However, no studies have yet addressed potential defects at the cytosolic entry point of preproinsulin into the secretory pathway. Here, we provide the first evidence that inefficient translocation of preproinsulin (caused by loss of a positive charge in the n region of its signal sequence) contributes to β cell failure and diabetes. Specifically, we find that, after targeting to the ER membrane, preproinsulin signal peptide (SP) mutants associated with autosomal dominant late-onset diabetes fail to be fully translocated across the ER membrane. The newly synthesized, untranslocated preproinsulin remains strongly associated with the ER membrane, exposing its proinsulin moiety to the cytosol. Rather than accumulating in the ER and inducing ER stress, untranslocated preproinsulin accumulates in a juxtanuclear compartment distinct from the Golgi complex, induces the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and promotes β cell death. Restoring an N-terminal positive charge to the mutant preproinsulin SP significantly improves the translocation defect. These findings not only reveal a novel molecular pathogenesis of β cell failure and diabetes but also provide the first evidence of the physiological and pathological significance of the SP n region positive charge of secretory proteins
3D printing technology for titanium alloy and its defect
The development of 3D printing technology, basic principles and technical features are introduced. Several major 3D printing technologies of titanium alloy both at home and abroad are reviewed: selective laser sintering technology (SLS), selective laser melting technology (SLM), laser solid forming technology (LSF), electron beam selective melting technology (EBSM) and electron beam fuse deposition forming technology (EBF3). By comparison, EBSM technology is the most promising 3D printing technology for titanium alloy in the future because of its high efficiency, high accuracy, low cost and no pollution. The cause and detection of defects in the process of forming is an important research focus in the field of 3D printing, and it is also the basis of the realization of the application of 3D printing parts. The classification, harm and cause of the main defects (including spheroidization, cracks, porosity and warpage) in the process of 3D printing for titanium alloy, as well as the nondestructive testing technology commonly used in 3D printing are introduced. And combined with domestic and foreign research situation, the methods to restrain or improve the above defects are discussed. Finally, the prospect of the future development of 3D printing technology for titanium alloy is prospected from the aspects of materials, equipment and testing technology
Anti-hypoxia effects of ginseng (Panax Ginseng C A Meyer) oligopeptides in mice
Purpose: To study the anti-hypoxia effects of ginseng oligopeptides (GOPs) in mice.
Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to six groups: vehicle control group, whey protein-fed group (0.30 g/kg body weight, BW), and four groups given GOP at doses of 0.075, 0.150, 0.300, 0.600 g/kg BW. All treatments were administered via gavage once a day for a total of 30 days.
Results: GOPs significantly extended survival times under normobaric hypoxia, sodium nitrite toxicosis and acute cerebral ischemia. Moreover, GOPs enhanced the levels of RBC, Hb and Hct; decreased brain malonaldehyde (MDA) and lactate contents, enhanced brain lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Conclusion: GOPs exert anti-hypoxia effects via mechanisms which may involve improvement of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and oxygen utilization, reduction of lipid peroxidation-associated lesions, enhancement of brain capacity to buffer against lactic acidosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and regulation of response to hypoxia
Improved biogas production from rice straw by co-digestion with kitchen waste and pig manure
In order to investigate the effect of feedstock ratios in biogas production, anaerobic co-digestions of rice straw with kitchen waste and pig manure were carried out. A series of single-stage batch mesophilic (37 +/- 1 degrees C) anaerobic digestions were performed at a substrate concentration of 54 g/L based on volatile solids (VS). The results showed that the optimal ratio of kitchen waste, pig manure, and rice straw was 0.4:1.6:1, for which the C/N ratio was 21.7. The methane content was 45.9-70.0% and rate of VS reduction was 55.8%. The biogas yield of 674.4 L/kg VS was higher than that of the digestion of rice straw or pig manure alone by 71.67% and 10.41%, respectively. Inhibition of biogas production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) occurred when the addition of kitchen waste was greater than 26%. The VFA analysis showed that, in the reactors that successfully produced biogas, the dominant intermediate metabolites were propionate and acetate, while they were lactic acid, acetate, and propionate in the others. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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