Advanced techniques for field recovery via direct detection

© 2020 Chuanbowen SunThe recent decade has witnessed the rapid growth of data traffic driven by various bandwidth-rich applications. Accordingly, both short-reach and long-haul fiber based optical networks are in great demand. For the long-haul transports, coherent detection is dominant due to its superior performance. Although the hardware structure of coherent systems possesses large footprint and the corresponding DSP algorithms are complicated, the cost is amortised by the high capacity and long transmission distance. While for short- to medium-reach transports such as intra- and inter- data center connections and metropolitan networks, cost is one primary concern. As such, direct detection has attracted extensive research interests due to its simple structure and low cost. To support short- and medium-reach optical transports in a cost-effective manner, field recovery is a promising solution since it enables the chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation. Given the cost of the transmission link, direct detection with the recovery of optical field has attracted extensive attention. For direct detection systems, the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) induced by the square-law detection is a major limiting factor of obtaining the replica of information-bearing signal. As such, various algorithms dealing with SSBI have been proposed in the recent years. In this thesis, the optical field recovery of directly detected single sideband (SSB) and double sideband (DSB) signals has been studied and proposed. For SSB signals, without inserting a frequency gap to accommodate SSBI, Kramers-Kronig (KK) and iterative cancellation (IC) receivers enable the high spectral efficiency. The appropriate modulation formats fitting for both KK and IC receivers have been analysed. As KK and IC receivers are designed for the transmission links consisting of several spans of fiber, CD impacts on the performance of KK and IC receivers are investigated. Results show that the single-carrier modulation format is the better fit for KK receivers, while OFDM signals outperform single-carrier signals for IC receivers. Due to accumulated CD impacts after transmission, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the single-carrier signals increases, which is more likely to violate the minimum phase condition of KK receivers compared to the back-to-back (btb) condition. Accordingly, the KK receiver requires a higher CSPR after transmission, while the optimal CSPR for the IC receiver remains the same as the btb case. The first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) impacts are also investigated, and it is demonstrated that PMD is not a major limiting factor for the KK receiver. For the field recovery of DSB signals, the direct detection scheme called carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) has been theoretically analysed and experimentally demonstrated. The algorithm of recovering DSB signal field using CADD receiver has been elaborated, and the design guideline of CADD receiver including the joint optimization of several key parameters is given via simulations. Besides, the first-time experimental demonstration of the CADD receiver has been conducted. Experimental results show that the required receiver bandwidth is reduced by 41% compared with SSB based direct detection schemes. From the perspective of practical implementation, the IQ imbalance impacts of the CADD scheme have been analysed, and the tolerance of amplitude and phase mismatch is given. Lastly, to alleviate the requirement of high CSPR, several DSP algorithms have been proposed. For the SSB direct detection scheme, both enhanced SSBI mitigation and virtual CSPR enhancement schemes can effectively reduce the CSPR by 2 to 3 dB. For the DSB signal based CADD receiver, a simple but effective power loading scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of low-frequency subcarriers, and hence predominantly reduce the required high CSPR

A Review of Self-Coherent Optical Transceivers: Fundamental Issues, Recent Advances, and Research Directions

This paper reviews recent progress on different high-speed optical short- and medium-reach transmission systems. Furthermore, a comprehensive tutorial on high-performance, low-cost, and advanced optical transceiver (TRx) paradigms is presented. In this context, recent advances in high-performance digital signal processing algorithms and innovative optoelectronic components are extensively discussed. Moreover, based on the growing increase in the dynamic environment and the heterogeneous nature of different applications and services to be supported by the systems, we discuss the reconfigurable and sliceable TRxs that can be employed. The associated technical challenges of various system algorithms are reviewed, and we proffer viable solutions to address them

CONFORMAL PHASED SURFACES FOR WIRELESS POWERING OF BIOELECTRONIC MICRODEVICES

10.1038/s41551-017-0043NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING1