A three-dimensional model of human lip motion

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-41).by Sumit Basu.M.Eng

Simulation studies of R2(Δη,Δφ)\rm{R_{2}}(\Delta\eta, \Delta\varphi) and P2(Δη,Δφ)\rm{P_{2}}(\Delta\eta, \Delta\varphi) correlation functions in pp collisions with the PYTHIA and HERWIG models

We report studies of charge-independent (CI) and charge-dependent (CD) two-particle differential-number correlation functions, $\rm{R_{2}}(\Delta\eta, \Delta\varphi)$, and transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) correlation functions, $\rm{P_{2}}(\Delta\eta, \Delta\varphi)$, of charged particles in $\sqrt{\textit{s}}$ = 2.76 TeV pp collisions with the PYTHIA and HERWIG models. Model predictions are presented for inclusive charged hadrons ($h^\pm$), as well as pions ($\pi^\pm$), kaons (K$^\pm$), and (anti-)protons ($\rm \bar{p}$/p) in the ranges $0.2 < \textit{p}_{\rm T} \le 2.0~\rm{GeV}/\textit{c}$, $2.0 < \textit{p}_{\rm T} \le 5.0~\rm{GeV}/\textit{c}$, and $5.0 < \textit{p}_{\rm T} \le 30.0~\rm{GeV}/\textit{c}$, with full azimuthal coverage in the range $|\eta|< 1.0$. We compare the model predictions for the strength and shape of the $\rm{R_{2}}$ and $\rm{P_{2}}$ correlators as these pertain to recent measurements by the ALICE collaboration. The $\rm{R_{2}}$ and $\rm{P_{2}}$ correlation functions estimated with PYTHIA and HERWIG exhibit qualitatively similar near-side and away-side correlation structures but feature important differences. Our analysis indicates that comparative studies of $\rm{R_{2}}$ and $\rm{P_{2}}$ correlation functions would provide valuable insight towards the understanding of particle production in pp collisions, and by extension, should also be useful in studies of heavy-ion collisions. Comparison of the $\Delta \eta$ dependence of $\rm{R_{2}}$ and $\rm{P_{2}}$ could contribute, in particular, to a better understanding and modeling of the angular ordering of particles produced by hadronization in jets, as well as a better description of jet fragmentation functions of identified species at low momentum fraction $(z)$.Comment: 22 pages, 24 captioned figure

Factors Influencing Consumer's Intention to Buy Counterfeit Products

There are several factors which influence consumers to buy counterfeit products. Today, any product in any nation is vulnerable to this malady. Counterfeits are packaged and labeled to resemble the original brand-name and generic products. Therefore, fake products often illusion the consumers to thinking that they are buying authentic goods. Counterfeits are a real and looming threat to all manufacturers. Counterfeit policing measures are yet to mature and become omnipresent. With this background information, it is noteworthy to observe how the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) could help identify the factors responsible for influencing behavioral intentions of a consumer towards purchasing counterfeit products. The present study reviews existing literature on counterfeit products, identifies potential improvements, and provides further insight into consumer motives behind the purchase of counterfeits. Six primary factors that influence counterfeit purchase have been identified and the TRA has been applied to investigate the impact of these factors on consumer behavioral patterns. The factors are (1) social motivation, (2) personal gratification, (3) perception, (4) value, (5) brand loyalty, and (6) ethics. The ‘influence of society’ and ‘value for money’ have been identified as the top two reasons that motivate consumers to buy fake products based on a survey conducted. A mathematical ‘covariate interactions’ analysis as well as a Chi-square regression analysis corroborated the same finding- identifying the top two factors that most strongly influence a customer’s ‘Intent to purchase’. A logistic regression analysis was run on the survey results that yielded a mathematical expression which can predict how likely a customer is to buy a counterfeit [p(Y)]. The proposed correlation matches the obtained survey data very well

Quantum Quench across a Holographic Critical Point

We study the problem of quantum quench across a critical point in a strongly coupled field theory using AdS/CFT techniques. The model involves a probe neutral scalar field with mass-squared $m^2$ in the range $-9/4 < m^2 < -3/2$ in a $AdS_4$ charged black brane background. For a given brane background there is a critical mass-squared, $m_c^2$ such that for $m^2 < m_c^2$ the scalar field condenses. The theory is critical when $m^2 = m_c^2$ and the source for the dual operator vanishes. At the critical point, the radial operator for the bulk linearized problem has a zero mode. We study the dynamics of the order parameter with a time dependent source $J(t)$, or a null-time dependent bulk mass $m(u)$ across the critical point. We show that in the critical region the dynamics for an initially slow variation is dominated by the zero mode : this leads to an effective description in terms of a Landau-Ginsburg type dynamics with a {\em linear} time derivative. Starting with an adiabatic initial condition in the ordered phase, we find that the order parameter drops to zero at a time $t_\star$ which is later than the time when $(m_c^2-m^2)$ or $J$ hits zero. In the critical region, $t_\star$, and the departure of the order parameter from its adiabatic value, scale with the rate of change, with exponents determined by static critical behavior. Numerical results for the order parameter are consistent with these expectations.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figure