MAPPING THE HAPPINESS LEVEL DISPARITY OF THE INDONESIAN POPULATION USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING

The Central Statistics Agency has published a survey report on the happiness of the Indonesian people in 2017. The survey results show that there are disparities that vary between provinces. The province with the highest happiness index was North Maluku, while the province with the lowest happiness index was Papua. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher wants to map the provinces based on the similarity of happiness levels. Researchers used quantitative descriptive methods with data analysis using multidimensional scaling. The results show that the provinces that have similarities with the happiest group are: [1] North Maluku province is like Riau Islands, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and Maluku. [2] South Kalimantan is like North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, DI Yogyakarta, and Bali. [3] DKI Jakarta is like West Papua. [4] South Sulawesi is like West Sumatra, Riau, and South Sumatra. [5] Aceh is like Kep. Bangka Belitung. The less happy group [1] West Java is like Banten, Central Java, Central Kalimantan, Jambi, and East Java. [2] North Sumatra is like Papua. [3] Central Sulawesi is like Southeast Sulawesi, West Nusa Tenggara, Bengkulu, West Kalimantan, West Sulawesi, Lampung, and East Nusa Tenggara

Opening the 100-Year Window for Time Domain Astronomy

The large-scale surveys such as PTF, CRTS and Pan-STARRS-1 that have emerged within the past 5 years or so employ digital databases and modern analysis tools to accentuate research into Time Domain Astronomy (TDA). Preparations are underway for LSST which, in another 6 years, will usher in the second decade of modern TDA. By that time the Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard (DASCH) project will have made available to the community the full sky Historical TDA database and digitized images for a century (1890--1990) of coverage. We describe the current DASCH development and some initial results, and outline plans for the "production scanning" phase and data distribution which is to begin in 2012. That will open a 100-year window into temporal astrophysics, revealing rare transients and (especially) astrophysical phenomena that vary on time-scales of a decade. It will also provide context and archival comparisons for the deeper modern surveysComment: 6 pages, 3 figures; invited talk at IAUS 28

Method of Teaching Arabic in Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Koto Panjang Lampasi Payakumbuh

Methods of teaching Arabic and their innovations will be a challenge for any teachers of Arabic. Therefore, teaching Arabic will also require the intelligence of each teacher to understand the aspects related to learning outcomes, namely by creating new techniques in teaching Arabic language so that students become more active, skillful, able to master and proficient Arabic. Boarding school of Madrasah Islamiah Tarbiyah Koto Panjang Lampasi has proven itself as the school of giving motivation, and innovation in the development of generations of people who have been able to reach the highest point of improvement, both in quantity and in quality of the students’ achievements. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive which describes methods of teaching Arabic at MTI Koto Panjang Lampasi Payakumbuh. The source of the data of this research is the teachers, students, the foundations, and community. The technique of collecting data obtained from various teachers who taught Arabic at MTI through interviews and observations. The results showed that there are 10 steps of Arabic language learning method applied in MTI Koto Panjang

Zinc oxide nanophotonics : toward quantum photonic technologies

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Science.Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a large bandgap (3.37 eV at room temperature) semiconductor and is a good candidate for short wavelength photonic devices such as laser diodes. A large exciton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature in addition to the advantages of being able to grow various nanostructure forms have made ZnO suitable for a wide range of applications in optoelectronic devices. Driven by the rapid advance of nanophotonics, it is necessary to develop single photon sources (SPSs) and optical resonators in new class of materials. In particular, SPSs are required for a wide range of applications in quantum information science, quantum cryptography, and quantum communications. ZnO has been investigated for classical light emitting applications such as energy efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) and ultraviolet (UV) lasers. Significantly ZnO has recently been identified as a promising candidate for quantum photonic technologies. Thus in this thesis the optical properties of ZnO micro- and nano-structures were investigated for ZnO nanophotonic technologies, specifically their applications in single photon emission and optical resonators. Firstly, the formation of radiative point defects in ZnO nanoparticles and their photophysical properties were investigated. In particular, using correlative photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) it is shown that green luminescence (GL) at 2.48 eV and an EPR line at g = 2.00 belong to a surface oxygen vacancy (V⁺o,s) center, while a second green emission at 2.28 eV is associated with zinc vacancy (VZn) centers. It is established that these point defects exhibit nanosecond lifetimes when excited by above bandgap or sub-bandgap (405 nm and 532 nm excitation wavelength) excitation. These results demonstrate that point defects in ZnO nanostructures can be engineered for nanophotonic technologies. ZnO nanoparticles were consequently studied for the investigation of room temperature single photon emission from defect centers in ZnO nanoparticles. Under the optical excitation with 532 nm green laser, the emitters exhibit bright broadband fluorescence in the red spectral range centered at 640 nm. The red fluorescence from SPSs in ZnO defect center is almost fully linearly polarized with high signal-to-noise ratio. The studied emitters showed continuous blinking; however, it was confirmed that bleaching can be suppressed using a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) coating. Furthermore, passivation by hydrogen treatment increase the density of single photon emitters by a factor of three. ZnO/Si heterojunctions were fabricated and used to investigate electrically driven light emission from localized defects in ZnO nanostructures at room temperature. It is shown that excellent rectifying behaviors were observed with the threshold voltages at ~ 18 V and ~ 7 V for ZnO nanoparticles and thin film-based devices, respectively. Both devices exhibit electroluminescence (EL) in the red spectral region ranging from ~ 500 nm to 800 nm when 40 V and 15 V were applied to ZnO nanoparticles/Si and ZnO thin film/Si, respectively. The emission is bright and stable for more than 30 minutes, providing an important prerequisite for practical devices. Finally, ZnO optical resonators were fabricated and investigated to enhance the visible light emission. Hexagonal ZnO microdisks with diameter ranging from 3 μm to 15 μm were grown by a carbothermal reduction method. Optical characterization of ZnO microdisks was performed using low temperature (80 K) CL imaging and spectroscopy. The green emission is found to be locally distributed near the hexagonal boundary of the ZnO microdisks. High resolution CL spectra of the ZnO microdisks reveal whispering gallery modes (WGMs) emission. Two different sizes (5 μm and 9 μm) of the ZnO microdisks were simulated to analyze the nature of light confinement in terms of geometrical optics. Respective analysis of the mode spacing and the mode resonances are used to show that the ZnO microdisks support the propagation of WGMs. The results show that the experimentally observed WGMs are in excellent agreement with the predicted theoretical positions calculated using a plane wave model. This work could provide the means for ZnO microdisk devices operating in the green spectral range

Digital cultural data and the "hybrid archive"

published_or_final_versionMedia, Culture and Creative CitiesMasterMaster of Social Sciences in Media, Culture and Creative Citie

A Multidimensional Concept of Mental Workload: A Systematic Review

The concept of mental workload is fully used and leads to various theoretical and methodological models. For this purpose, we are conducted in the same way as a systematic review for understanding the concept and a factor that identifies work and work situations that affect personal tasks, or mental workload field. A systematic review was obtained from scientific papers issued from 2010-to 2021. Mental workload is multidimensional, so that a conceptual definition of mental workload should therefore integrally encompass the most elementary dimensions of mental workload. In general, most factors affected mental workloads, including working environments, individual differences, temporal pressure, and task difficulty/compliance complexity. Techniques for assessing subjective workloads are popular in several studies because of their ease of use and sensitivity to workload fluctuations. The NASATLX scale is the most common subjective technique and is used in a wide range of fields. Subjective and objective measurements cannot even measure all kinds of factors that affect mental distress. The main difficulty facing researchers is establishing standardized measurements of mental workload and its normal range so that effective comparisons can be made between groups of subjects. These results can provide measurement development recommendations using three approaches: subjective, objective, and behavioral.Keywords: mental workload; measurement; workload factor

Biochemical, Biophysical and Computational Studies of Human and Trypanosoma Cruzi S-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine Hydrolase

In both mammals and parasites, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) plays a crucial role in regulating S-adenosylmethionine dependent transmethylations by catalyzing the reversible conversion of adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) to adenosine and homocysteine. Inhibitors of parasite SAHHs (e.g., those of Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma) are potential anti-parasitic agents which may present selective inhibition if their inhibitory activity is weaker for Homo sapiens SAHH (Hs-SAHH). This study was aimed to address the differences in structure and kinetic properties between Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH, the SAHH of Trypanosoma cruzi, the organism which causes Chagas disease in humans. The available X-ray structures of Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH show no significant difference between the active sites of the two enzymes, providing no definite suggestions for designing selective anti-parasitic inhibitors. Therefore, we have designed a series of biochemical, biophysical and computational studies focusing on enzyme interactions with the nicotinamide cofactors. These studies showed that the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the association and dissociation of the cofactor NAD+ from the enzymes of Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH are qualitatively similar but quantitatively distinct. Briefly, association of NAD+ to both enzymes is complex process, composed of two parts: a fast-binding phase (dead time) and a slow-binding phase. The fast-binding phase comes from one class of the homotetrameric apo-enzyme active sites, which binds cofactor weakly and generates full activity very rapidly (in less than a minute). The slow-binding phase comes from the other class of active sites which binds cofactor more strongly but generates activity only slowly (over 30 min). These two classes of active sites appear to be numerically equal. The kinetics of slow binding of NAD+ to two enzymes show concentration dependence, and the cofactor binds to Hs-SAHH almost 10 times faster than to Tc-SAHH. The final binding affinity of cofactor NAD+ to Tc-SAHH persists at micromolar level while Hs-SAHH decreases the binding affinity from micromolar to nanomolar over a period of time as its equilibrium affinity. In contrast to the complex kinetics of association, both enzymes undergo dissociation of NAD+ from all four sites in a single first-order reaction. The dissociation of NAD+ from two enzymes shows complex temperature dependence and NAD+ leaves from Tc-SAHH much faster than from Hs-SAHH. Compared to the traditional selective inhibitor design site (the substrate-binding domain of SAHH), the identified differential features between Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH suggest the use of a novel design site, the cofactor (NAD+/NADH)-binding domain. In a detailed analysis, two structural elements, the helix 18 at the C-terminal and the β-sheet A of the Rossmann motif in the cofactor-binding domain, are identified as responsible for the distinction in properties between the two enzymes. The site-directed mutagenesis approach creates two kinds of mutants: one is the "humanized" Tc-SAHH (helix 18 or β-sheet A of Tc-SAHH replaced by that of human enzyme) and the other one is the "parasitized" Hs-SAHH (helix 18 or β-sheet A of Hs-SAHH replaced by that of parasite enzyme). As expected, the results for the two mutants were intermediate between the two wild types: the "humanized" Tc-SAHH exhibits similar kinetics and thermodynamics to wild type Hs-SAHH while the "parasitized" Hs-SAHH has properties close to wild type parasite enzymes. Moreover, in the alanine scanning computational study, two conserved residues at the C-terminus, a Lys and a Tyr, are found to be involved in differential properties of the two enzymes. All these data support the view that the cofactor-binding domain is a good target for designing selective inhibitors against parasite enzymes. In addition, this work found a selective inhibitor binding to the traditional design site - the substrate binding site, and studied its inactivation mechanism and kinetic features. Ribavirin, an analogue of adenosine, exhibits preferential time-dependent inactivation on Tc-SAHH over Hs-SAHH and provides a structural lead to design more selective inhibitors. Overall, studies on differential cofactor association and dissociation properties between Hs-SAHH and Tc-SAHH will help us understand better on these two enzymes and lead to design potential selective inhibitors targeting at cofactor-binding sites for treatment of Chagas disease

Text Size Impact of Responsibility Messages in Magazine Alcohol Advertisements among College Students

Although warning labels on products and in advertising have been much studied and discussed in the past several decades, the effect of text size on recall of these messages has been largely ignored, particularly with regard to alcohol advertising. Guided by the bottom-up model of visual attention processing, this study hypothesizes that a responsibility message with larger text attracts more consumer attention and creates greater message recall. One hundred twenty three magazine alcohol ads were collected in preliminary research, and the average size of their responsibility messages was found to be approximately 6 points. An experimental survey of college students was conducted, using alcohol ads with responsibility messages of three different text sizes: 6 point, 10 point, and 14 point. Analysis of the results of this survey showed that recall of the 10 point messages was significantly greater than that of the 6 point, but that there was not a statistically significant difference between recall of the 10 point and the 14 point messages. This study therefore suggests 10 point of the 3 choices as the minimum text size for responsibility messages in alcohol advertisements