23 research outputs found
Recent development of CDCC
This paper shows a brief review on CDCC and the microscopic reaction theory
as a fundamental theory of CDCC. The Kerman-McManus-Thaler theory for
nucleon-nucleus scattering is extended to nucleus-nucleus scattering. New
development of four-body CDCC is presented. An accurate method of treating
inclusive reactions is presented as an extension of CDCC and the Glauber model.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, the proceedings of the Dynamics and
Correlations in Exotic Nuclei (DCEN2011
Suppression of hypersynchronous network activity in cultured cortical neurons using an ultrasoft silicone scaffold
The spontaneous activity pattern of cortical neurons in dissociated culture
is characterized by burst firing that is highly synchronized among a wide
population of cells. The degree of synchrony, however, is excessively higher
than that in cortical tissues. Here, we employed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
elastomers to establish a novel system for culturing neurons on a scaffold with
an elastic modulus resembling brain tissue, and investigated the effect of the
scaffold's elasticity on network activity patterns in cultured rat cortical
neurons. Using whole-cell patch clamp to assess the scaffold effect on the
development of synaptic connections, we found that the amplitude of excitatory
postsynaptic current, as well as the frequency of spontaneous transmissions,
was reduced in neuronal networks grown on an ultrasoft PDMS with an elastic
modulus of 0.5 kPa. Furthermore, the ultrasoft scaffold was found to suppress
neural correlations in the spontaneous activity of the cultured neuronal
network. The dose of GsMTx-4, an antagonist of stretch-activated cation
channels (SACs), required to reduce the generation of the events below 1.0
event/min on PDMS substrates was lower than that for neurons on a glass
substrate. This suggests that the difference in the baseline level of SAC
activation is a molecular mechanism underlying the alteration in neuronal
network activity depending on scaffold stiffness. Our results demonstrate the
potential application of PDMS with biomimetic elasticity as cell-culture
scaffold for bridging the in vivo-in vitro gap in neuronal systems.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Biological neurons act as generalization filters in reservoir computing
Reservoir computing is a machine learning paradigm that transforms the
transient dynamics of high-dimensional nonlinear systems for processing
time-series data. Although reservoir computing was initially proposed to model
information processing in the mammalian cortex, it remains unclear how the
non-random network architecture, such as the modular architecture, in the
cortex integrates with the biophysics of living neurons to characterize the
function of biological neuronal networks (BNNs). Here, we used optogenetics and
fluorescent calcium imaging to record the multicellular responses of cultured
BNNs and employed the reservoir computing framework to decode their
computational capabilities. Micropatterned substrates were used to embed the
modular architecture in the BNNs. We first show that modular BNNs can be used
to classify static input patterns with a linear decoder and that the modularity
of the BNNs positively correlates with the classification accuracy. We then
used a timer task to verify that BNNs possess a short-term memory of ~1 s and
finally show that this property can be exploited for spoken digit
classification. Interestingly, BNN-based reservoirs allow transfer learning,
wherein a network trained on one dataset can be used to classify separate
datasets of the same category. Such classification was not possible when the
input patterns were directly decoded by a linear decoder, suggesting that BNNs
act as a generalization filter to improve reservoir computing performance. Our
findings pave the way toward a mechanistic understanding of information
processing within BNNs and, simultaneously, build future expectations toward
the realization of physical reservoir computing systems based on BNNs.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figures, 3 supplementary figure
Deformation of Ne isotopes in the island-of-inversion region
The deformation of Ne isotopes in the island-of-inversion region is
determined by the double-folding model with the Melbourne -matrix and the
density calculated by the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). The
double-folding model reproduces, with no adjustable parameter, the measured
reaction cross sections for the scattering of Ne from C at
240MeV/nucleon. The quadrupole deformation thus determined is around 0.4 in the
island-of-inversion region and Ne is a halo nuclei with large
deformation. We propose the Woods-Saxon model with a suitably chosen
parameterization set and the deformation given by the AMD calculation as a
convenient way of simulating the density calculated directly by the AMD. The
deformed Woods-Saxon model provides the density with the proper asymptotic
form. The pairing effect is investigated, and the importance of the angular
momentum projection for obtaining the large deformation in the
island-of-inversion region is pointed out.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, 6 table
Cause of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis following esophageal cancer surgery and preventive surgical technique along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Aim: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) after esophageal cancer surgery, especially on the left, is a major clinical challenge. We believe that the use of intra-operative neural monitoring can help us to learn and identify surgical maneuvers that can cause RLNP, so as to improve the postoperative course for patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the causes of RLNP and to devise a preventive surgical technique.Methods: Radical esophageal cancer surgery was performed with intra-operative neural monitoring at our institution from July 2015 to January 2019. The cause(s) of RLNP was investigated by video analysis, which enabled a preventive technique to be developed and introduced. Short-term surgical outcomes of the modified and conventional surgical methods were compared.Results: RLNP occurred in 10/57 (17.5%) of cases. The causes of paralysis were traction (n = 5), compression (n = 3), thermal injury (n = 1), and compression in cervical procedure (n = 1). Subsequently, 20 surgeries were performed between February and December 2019 using the modified technique and there was only one case (5%) of RLNP.Conclusion: The main causes of RLNP are compression and traction. Our modified technique for esophageal cancer surgery substantially decreases the incidence of RLNP post-operatively
Postinfarct active cardiac-targeted delivery of erythropoietin by liposomes with sialyl Lewis X repairs infarcted myocardium in rabbits
Complete recovery from paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with a small ovarian teratoma following a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy: A case report
Primary CNS lymphoma treated with radiotherapy in Japan: a survey of patients treated in 2005-2009 and a comparison with those treated in 1985-2004.
The aim of our study was to analyze changes over time in the characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)
Interaction of Cofilin with Triose-phosphate Isomerase Contributes Glycolytic Fuel for Na,K-ATPase via Rho-mediated Signaling Pathway
Investigation of the relationship between intradialytic hypotension during hemodialysis and serum syndecan-1 concentration
Abstract Intradialytic hypotension and arrhythmias are complications of hemodialysis. They are associated with decreased intravascular volume due to reduced ultrafiltration volume, cardiac function, and arterial tone. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which exists on the surface of healthy vascular endothelial cells and maintains vascular permeability, has been suggested to be impaired by hemodialysis. This single-center retrospective study evaluated the association between syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction marker, and complications of hemodialysis. We enrolled 92 patients who underwent outpatient hemodialysis at Gifu Seiryu Hospital from April to July 2022 (346 hemodialysis sessions). The median duration and time of hemodialysis were 40 months and 4.1 h, respectively. Median serum syndecan-1 levels were 67.7 ng/mL before and 98.3 ng/mL after hemodialysis. Hemodialysis complications were noted in 68 sessions, all of which were hypotension. No correlation between pre-hemodialysis syndecan-1 levels and the incidence of complications was observed. However, a positive correlation between the amount of change in syndecan-1 levels before and after hemodialysis and the incidence of hemodialysis complications was noted. Conversely, syndecan-1 levels did not correlate with brain or atrial natriuretic peptides, suggesting that impairment of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx may be a possible cause of intradialytic hypotension and may be useful in preventing intradialytic hypotension