Predator Prey Interaction on some Wheat Cultivars

The present findings was aimed to determine the predator prey interaction on some wheat cultivars was laid out at Experimental Area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during rabi wheat growing season of 2014. Five wheat varieties were sown in a complete randomized block design plot. The varieties are 1. NIA-Sunhari, 2. NIA-Amber, 3. NIA-Sundar, 4.Kiran 5.Kirman.The results indicated that maximum mean population of insect pest and predators were recorded on different varieties of wheat crop. The maximum mean Black aphid population was recorded on variety of NIA-Amber (3.36/leaf) and minimum on Kiran (2.79/leaf). The maximum mean numbers of green aphids were recorded on variety Kiran (5.26/leaf) and minimum mean population on variety NIA-Amber (3.59/leaf). The maximum American bollworm was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari, (0.51/leaf) and minimum population was recorded on variety NIA-Sundar (0.14/leaf). Its population was increase in the mid to end of season. The maximum Thrips population appeared on variety NIA-Amber (5.61/leaf) and lowest on NIA-Sunhari (2.79/leaf). The Thrips increased slowly at the start of the season and continued at mid to end of the season. Among predators, the maximum population of Brumus was recorded on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.81/plant) and lowest population observed on variety of NIA-Sundar (0.05/ plant). Similarly the lacewing was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.25/plant) and its lowest population was on varieties of Khirman and Kiran (0.05/plant). Maximum 7- spotted beetles population was on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.64/plant) and the lowest population on Kiran (0.15/plant). While the maximum mean population of 11- spotted beetles was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.52/plant) and the minimum population on Kiran (0.17/plant)

Predator Prey Interaction on some Wheat Cultivars

The present findings was aimed to determine the predator prey interaction on some wheat cultivars was laid out at Experimental Area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during rabi wheat growing season of 2014. Five wheat varieties were sown in a complete randomized block design plot. The varieties are 1. NIA-Sunhari, 2. NIA-Amber, 3. NIA-Sundar, 4.Kiran 5.Kirman.The results indicated that maximum mean population of insect pest and predators were recorded on different varieties of wheat crop. The maximum mean Black aphid population was recorded on variety of NIA-Amber (3.36/leaf) and minimum on Kiran (2.79/leaf). The maximum mean numbers of green aphids were recorded on variety Kiran (5.26/leaf) and minimum mean population on variety NIA-Amber (3.59/leaf). The maximum American bollworm was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari, (0.51/leaf) and minimum population was recorded on variety NIA-Sundar (0.14/leaf). Its population was increase in the mid to end of season. The maximum Thrips population appeared on variety NIA-Amber (5.61/leaf) and lowest on NIA-Sunhari (2.79/leaf). The Thrips increased slowly at the start of the season and continued at mid to end of the season. Among predators, the maximum population of Brumus was recorded on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.81/plant) and lowest population observed on variety of NIA-Sundar (0.05/ plant). Similarly the lacewing was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.25/plant) and its lowest population was on varieties of Khirman and Kiran (0.05/plant). Maximum 7- spotted beetles population was on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.64/plant) and the lowest population on Kiran (0.15/plant). While the maximum mean population of 11- spotted beetles was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.52/plant) and the minimum population on Kiran (0.17/plant)

Repurposing FIASMAs against Acid Sphingomyelinase for COVID-19: A Computational Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Approach

Over the past few years, COVID-19 has caused widespread suffering worldwide. There is great research potential in this domain and it is also necessary. The main objective of this study was to identify potential inhibitors against acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in order to prevent coronavirus infection. Experimental studies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 causes activation of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide pathway, which in turn facilitates the viral entry into the cells. The objective was to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase activity in order to prevent the cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous studies have reported functional inhibitors against ASM (FIASMAs). These inhibitors can be exploited to block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells. To achieve our objective, a drug library containing 257 functional inhibitors of ASM was constructed. Computational molecular docking was applied to dock the library against the target protein (PDB: 5I81). The potential binding site of the target protein was identified through structural alignment with the known binding pocket of a protein with a similar function. AutoDock Vina was used to carry out the docking steps. The docking results were analyzed and the inhibitors were screened based on their binding affinity scores and ADME properties. Among the 257 functional inhibitors, Dutasteride, Cepharanthine, and Zafirlukast presented the lowest binding affinity scores of −9.7, −9.6, and −9.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, computational ADME analysis of these results revealed Cepharanthine and Zafirlukast to have non-toxic properties. To further validate these findings, the top two inhibitors in complex with the target protein were subjected to molecular dynamic simulations at 100 ns. The molecular interactions and stability of these compounds revealed that these inhibitors could be a promising tool for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection

A novel multicopper oxidase (laccase) from cyanobacteria: Purification, characterization with potential in the decolorization of anthraquinonic dye - Fig 10

<p>The FTIR spectra (a) Reactive Blue 4 control (b) Laccase treated Reactive Blue 4</p

Protein Estimation and activity profile at each step of purification.

<p>Protein Estimation and activity profile at each step of purification.</p

Elution of laccase on DEAE-Cellulose column using 0.2M NaCl.

<p>The chromatogram represents concentration of laccase eluted (absorbance A280 at 280 nm) on Y axis with amount of eluted fraction (ml) on X axis. Each fraction were collected and measured for laccase activity (absorbance at A420) using ABTS as substrate</p

Effect of inhibitors on laccase activity was measured using ABTS as a substrate.

<p>Values are mean of triplicates ± S.E</p

Effect of metal ions on purified laccase activity was measured using ABTS as a substrate.

<p>Values are mean of triplicates ± S.E</p

Effect of organic solvents on the activity of purified laccase was measured using ABTS as asubstrate.

<p>Values are mean of triplicates ± S.E</p

UV- visible spectra of Reactive Blue-4 after 4 h contact with purified laccase (1.5 U) of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> CFTRI

<p>UV- visible spectra of Reactive Blue-4 after 4 h contact with purified laccase (1.5 U) of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> CFTRI</p