6 research outputs found

    Impact of different plant secondary metabolites addition: saponin, tannic acid, salicin and aloin on glucose anaerobic co-digestion

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    peer reviewedVegetal waste and some wastewater of agro-food industries contain plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). It was showed in nutritional researches that these substances such as saponins and tannins reduced the methane production in the rumen. To our knowledge no study was done in the waste treatment domain to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the principal glycosidic metabolites from the wastewater or vegetal waste on their own methane-producing anaerobic digestion. Therefore in this paper BMP tests were carried out at 30°C with four commercial PSMs (CPSMs) in mixture with glucose monohydrate (Gl) used as control sample. These CPSMs were saponin from Quilaja Saponaria Molina Pract (Sap), tannic acid (Tan), salicin (Sal) and aloin from Curacao Aloe (Alo) representing respectively saponins, tannins, alcoholic glycosides and anthraquinones sources. Acidogenesis and acetogenesis were recorded for all the mixtures of Gl and CPSMs; however their conversion rates decreased with the increase of the concentrations of CPSMs. By contrast, the methanogenesis was inhibited at concentrations of CPSMs above 0.3 g/l. The inhibition degree for aromatic compounds on the anaerobic biodegradation of Gl seemed directly to depend on the numbers of benzene rings in the medium and the synergism. Thus, the highest inhibition of the biogas production from Gl was recorded for Alo, followed by Sap, Tan and Sal. However, the highest inhibition of the methane production from Gl was recorded with Sap, Alo, Tan and Sal. It was supposed that the toxicity potentials of these PSMs on the own biomethanization would be in following decreasing order: Sap or Alo, Tan and Sal. Therefore, the concentration of PSMs alone or in mixture in a digester should be bellow 0.3 g/l. for a better methanization .ThÚse : Etude de la biodégradation anaérobie des feuilles de Mangifera Indica (manguier) et Manihot Utilissima (manioc

    Potentiel d’élimination des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux (feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima) par mĂ©thanisation Ă  Kinshasa (RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo)

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    La RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo produit annuellement environ 2,2 millions de tonnes de dĂ©chets dans sa capitale, Kinshasa. Ces dĂ©chets sont constituĂ©s de 66 % de matiĂšres organiques dans lesquelles 94 % sont des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux et la majoritĂ© des feuilles mortes. Parmi ces feuilles, celles de Mangifera Indica et Manihot Utilissima sont les plus accessibles. Elles sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es via les mĂ©nages et les marchĂ©s, mais ne sont pas recyclĂ©es convenablement. Certains maraĂźchers les utilisent irrationnellement comme engrais et n’obtiennent pas les rĂ©sultats attendus. À cet effet, ces dĂ©chets gĂȘnent et polluent l’environnement. D’autre part, les mĂ©nages kinois Ă©prouvent d’énormes difficultĂ©s pour s’approvisionner en Ă©nergie. La surexploitation du bois Ă©nergie entraĂźne la dĂ©tĂ©rioration des Ă©cosystĂšmes et de la santĂ© publique. Ces mĂ©faits seraient rĂ©duits simultanĂ©ment et durablement par l’exploitation rationnelle de la bioĂ©nergie et des biofertilisants rĂ©sultant de la digestion anaĂ©robie ou biomĂ©thanisation des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux. En supposant que cette biomasse vĂ©gĂ©tale est constituĂ©e uniquement des feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima, le pouvoir Ă©nergĂ©tique du biogaz Ă©manant de leur biomĂ©thanisation rĂ©duirait respectivement la consommation en bois Ă©nergie de 39 % et 134 %. Par ailleurs, la quantitĂ© de digestats produits couvrirait par Ă©pandage une superficie proche de celle de la dĂ©forestation. Ces estimations montrent un potentiel de valorisation de ces dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux intĂ©ressant pour l’assainissement, les besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques, l’afforestation et l’agriculture. De ce fait, ils seraient gĂ©rĂ©s directement dans leurs lieux de gĂ©nĂ©ration pour minimiser les coĂ»ts de transport et de traitement industriel.In Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital, the city province of Kinshasa produces annually about 2.2 million tons of wastes mainly constituted (66 %) of organic matters containing 94 % are vegetable wastes. Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves are the main components of these wastes. They are generated via the households and the markets but they are not suitably valorized. Some farmers use them like green fertilizer but they do not achieve the expected results. By this fact, these wastes embarrass and pollute the environment with negative consequences on public health. On another point of view, the Kinshasa households meet enormous difficulties to collect enough wood for their energy needs. As a consequence, the anarchical exploitation of wood entails the deterioration of the ecosystems and the public health. These negative impacts on the environment could be reduced sustainably and simultaneously by rational exploitation of bio-energy and bio-fertilizers resulting from the anaerobic digestion or methanization of this vegetable biomass. This energetic potential from methanization of Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves could reduce by 39 % and 134 % the wood consumption in the households respectively. Moreover by land spreading the digestates produced would cover the deforested surface related to the yearly consumption of wood coal. These evaluations show an interesting potential of the vegetable wastes for a cleaner environment, green energy production, reforestation and agriculture. Therefore, these wastes should be sorted out and processed directly in their generation places in order to minimize the costs for transportation and industrial treatment

    Potentiel d’élimination des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux (feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima) par mĂ©thanisation Ă  Kinshasa (RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo)

    No full text
    La RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo produit annuellement environ 2,2 millions de tonnes de dĂ©chets dans sa capitale, Kinshasa. Ces dĂ©chets sont constituĂ©s de 66 % de matiĂšres organiques dans lesquelles 94 % sont des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux et la majoritĂ© des feuilles mortes. Parmi ces feuilles, celles de Mangifera Indica et Manihot Utilissima sont les plus accessibles. Elles sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es via les mĂ©nages et les marchĂ©s, mais ne sont pas recyclĂ©es convenablement. Certains maraĂźchers les utilisent irrationnellement comme engrais et n’obtiennent pas les rĂ©sultats attendus. À cet effet, ces dĂ©chets gĂȘnent et polluent l’environnement. D’autre part, les mĂ©nages kinois Ă©prouvent d’énormes difficultĂ©s pour s’approvisionner en Ă©nergie. La surexploitation du bois Ă©nergie entraĂźne la dĂ©tĂ©rioration des Ă©cosystĂšmes et de la santĂ© publique. Ces mĂ©faits seraient rĂ©duits simultanĂ©ment et durablement par l’exploitation rationnelle de la bioĂ©nergie et des biofertilisants rĂ©sultant de la digestion anaĂ©robie ou biomĂ©thanisation des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux. En supposant que cette biomasse vĂ©gĂ©tale est constituĂ©e uniquement des feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima, le pouvoir Ă©nergĂ©tique du biogaz Ă©manant de leur biomĂ©thanisation rĂ©duirait respectivement la consommation en bois Ă©nergie de 39 % et 134 %. Par ailleurs, la quantitĂ© de digestats produits couvrirait par Ă©pandage une superficie proche de celle de la dĂ©forestation. Ces estimations montrent un potentiel de valorisation de ces dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux intĂ©ressant pour l’assainissement, les besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques, l’afforestation et l’agriculture. De ce fait, ils seraient gĂ©rĂ©s directement dans leurs lieux de gĂ©nĂ©ration pour minimiser les coĂ»ts de transport et de traitement industriel.In Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital, the city province of Kinshasa produces annually about 2.2 million tons of wastes mainly constituted (66 %) of organic matters containing 94 % are vegetable wastes. Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves are the main components of these wastes. They are generated via the households and the markets but they are not suitably valorized. Some farmers use them like green fertilizer but they do not achieve the expected results. By this fact, these wastes embarrass and pollute the environment with negative consequences on public health. On another point of view, the Kinshasa households meet enormous difficulties to collect enough wood for their energy needs. As a consequence, the anarchical exploitation of wood entails the deterioration of the ecosystems and the public health. These negative impacts on the environment could be reduced sustainably and simultaneously by rational exploitation of bio-energy and bio-fertilizers resulting from the anaerobic digestion or methanization of this vegetable biomass. This energetic potential from methanization of Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves could reduce by 39 % and 134 % the wood consumption in the households respectively. Moreover by land spreading the digestates produced would cover the deforested surface related to the yearly consumption of wood coal. These evaluations show an interesting potential of the vegetable wastes for a cleaner environment, green energy production, reforestation and agriculture. Therefore, these wastes should be sorted out and processed directly in their generation places in order to minimize the costs for transportation and industrial treatment

    Potentiel d’élimination des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux (feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima) par mĂ©thanisation Ă  Kinshasa (RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo)

    No full text
    La RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo produit annuellement environ 2,2 millions de tonnes de dĂ©chets dans sa capitale, Kinshasa. Ces dĂ©chets sont constituĂ©s de 66 % de matiĂšres organiques dans lesquelles 94 % sont des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux et la majoritĂ© des feuilles mortes. Parmi ces feuilles, celles de Mangifera Indica et Manihot Utilissima sont les plus accessibles. Elles sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es via les mĂ©nages et les marchĂ©s, mais ne sont pas recyclĂ©es convenablement. Certains maraĂźchers les utilisent irrationnellement comme engrais et n’obtiennent pas les rĂ©sultats attendus. À cet effet, ces dĂ©chets gĂȘnent et polluent l’environnement. D’autre part, les mĂ©nages kinois Ă©prouvent d’énormes difficultĂ©s pour s’approvisionner en Ă©nergie. La surexploitation du bois Ă©nergie entraĂźne la dĂ©tĂ©rioration des Ă©cosystĂšmes et de la santĂ© publique. Ces mĂ©faits seraient rĂ©duits simultanĂ©ment et durablement par l’exploitation rationnelle de la bioĂ©nergie et des biofertilisants rĂ©sultant de la digestion anaĂ©robie ou biomĂ©thanisation des dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux. En supposant que cette biomasse vĂ©gĂ©tale est constituĂ©e uniquement des feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima, le pouvoir Ă©nergĂ©tique du biogaz Ă©manant de leur biomĂ©thanisation rĂ©duirait respectivement la consommation en bois Ă©nergie de 39 % et 134 %. Par ailleurs, la quantitĂ© de digestats produits couvrirait par Ă©pandage une superficie proche de celle de la dĂ©forestation. Ces estimations montrent un potentiel de valorisation de ces dĂ©chets vĂ©gĂ©taux intĂ©ressant pour l’assainissement, les besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques, l’afforestation et l’agriculture. De ce fait, ils seraient gĂ©rĂ©s directement dans leurs lieux de gĂ©nĂ©ration pour minimiser les coĂ»ts de transport et de traitement industriel.In Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital, the city province of Kinshasa produces annually about 2.2 million tons of wastes mainly constituted (66 %) of organic matters containing 94 % are vegetable wastes. Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves are the main components of these wastes. They are generated via the households and the markets but they are not suitably valorized. Some farmers use them like green fertilizer but they do not achieve the expected results. By this fact, these wastes embarrass and pollute the environment with negative consequences on public health. On another point of view, the Kinshasa households meet enormous difficulties to collect enough wood for their energy needs. As a consequence, the anarchical exploitation of wood entails the deterioration of the ecosystems and the public health. These negative impacts on the environment could be reduced sustainably and simultaneously by rational exploitation of bio-energy and bio-fertilizers resulting from the anaerobic digestion or methanization of this vegetable biomass. This energetic potential from methanization of Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves could reduce by 39 % and 134 % the wood consumption in the households respectively. Moreover by land spreading the digestates produced would cover the deforested surface related to the yearly consumption of wood coal. These evaluations show an interesting potential of the vegetable wastes for a cleaner environment, green energy production, reforestation and agriculture. Therefore, these wastes should be sorted out and processed directly in their generation places in order to minimize the costs for transportation and industrial treatment

    Methane production from the most accessible vegetal wastes of Kinshasa City: mango and cassava leaves

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    Leaves of Mangifera Indica (MI, mango leaves) and Manihot Utilissima (MU, cassava leaves) are available in tropical regions and are the most accessible vegetal wastes of Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo. These wastes are not suitably managed and are not rationally valorized. They are abandoned in full air, on the soil and in the rivers. They thus pollute environment. By contrast, they can be recuperated and treated in order to produce methane (energy source), organic fertilizer and clean up the environment simultaneously. The main objective of this study was to investigate methane production from MI and MU leaves by BMP tests at 30 °C. The yields achieved from the anaerobic digestion of up to 61.3 g raw matter in 1 l medium were 0.001 l/g and 0.100 l CH4/g volatile solids of MI and MU leaves respectively. The yield of MU leaves was in the range mentioned in the literature for other leaves because of a poor presence of bioactive substrates, and low C/N ratio. By contrast, the methane yield from MI leaves was almost nil suggesting some metabolism inhibition because of their rich composition in carbon and bioactive substrates. Whereas classical acidogenesis and acetogenesis were recorded
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