Problems of Supply Chain Management Formation of Mega-Regional Free Trade Zones

Abstract— One of the directions of the trade integration process of the economies of countries is the conclusion of multilateral and bilateral free trade agreements, the number of which is steadily growing and becoming an important factor in socio-economic development. Mutually beneficial terms of cooperation on a wide range of foreign economic relations that go beyond the limits of foreign trade operations for the supply chain management are determined and formed. Free movement of factors of production, support for fair competition, the protection of intellectual property rights, the cooperation in the field of industrial, scientific, technical and innovation interaction, the coordination and unification of the legislative framework of foreign economic policy form the basis of trade agreements between countries. However, the processes occurring in the global economy, caused primarily by the reluctance of the American leadership to hear other world trading players, frank calls for anti-trade trends in globalization cannot but provoke criticism from traditional American trading partners and closest political allies. Building a regional trade without the United States could lead to a whole coalition of former allies, from Canada to Great Britain, participating in trade wars against the Americans

Low-temperature thermal conductivity of solid carbon dioxide

Preliminary results of the thermal conductivity measurements performed in the temperature range 1.5-35 K on pure carbon dioxide are presented. The data below 25 K have been obtained for the first time. The thermal conductivity coefficient reaches very high value, of about 700 W/(m×K), unusual for simple molecular crystal. Straightforward analysis applied to the data indicates the case of large-grained sample

The peculiarities of heat transfer in CO₂ and N₂O solids at low temperatures

The thermal conductivities of CO₂ and N₂O solids have been investigated in the low-temperature range 1–40 K. The thermal conductivities of CO₂ and N₂O are large compared with those of simple molecular crystals such as N₂, CO, or O₂ in the whole investigated temperature range. Analysis of the experimental data by the Callaway method shows that relatively large size of crystalline grains, low density of dislocations and weak phonon–phonon interaction might be the reasons for the good thermal conduction in these crystals at temperatures near the maxima. A comparison between calculated values of the intensity of normal phonon scattering processes and experiment gives evidence that in N₂O there is an additional (in comparison with CO₂) giant scattering of phonons. This scattering is described in the frameworks of soft potential model by the resonance phonon scattering on tunnel states and low-energy vibratons

The heat capacity of nitrogen chain in grooves of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles

The heat capacity of bundles of closed-cap single-walled carbon nanotubes with one-dimensional chains of nitrogen molecules adsorbed in the grooves has been first experimentally studied at temperatures from 2 to 40 K using an adiabatic calorimeter. The contribution of nitrogen CN₂ to the total heat capacity has been separated. In the region 28 K the behavior of the curve CN₂(T) is qualitatively similar to the theoretical prediction of the phonon heat capacity of 1D chains of Kr atoms localized in the grooves of SWNT bundles. Below 3 K the de-pendence CN₂(Т) is linear. Above 8 K the dependence CN₂(Т) becomes steeper in comparison with the case of Kr atoms. This behavior of the heat capacity CN₂(Т) is due to the contribution of the rotational degrees of free-dom of the N₂ molecules

Dynamic Characteristics of Medical and Demographic Indicators of Public Health in Arkhangelsk Oblast in the First Twenty Years of the XXI Century: Retrospective Analytical Descriptive Study

Background. Assessing the dynamic characteristics of basic public health indicators is essential to ensure the sustainable human development, quality of life and health care system performance in the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Russia. The study is based on the need for constant monitoring of the medical and demographic situation in order to provide timely correction of measures for improving the health care system performance.Objective — to assess the trends in basic medical and demographic indicators characterizing the population health of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. Target population: population of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, no impacts, no outcomes.Methods. Criteria for sample or group formation: the research was performed by means of a continuous method based on the study of population of medical and demographic events. The main inclusion criterion was the availability of information about a medical and demographic event in the Arkhangelsk Oblast in the Russian Fertility and Mortality database (RusFMD), the database of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). Estimated parameters: life expectancy, infant mortality, disability, morbidity, natural population growth and chronicity rates related to the population of the Arkhangelsk Oblast excluding the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. The following measurement methods were used: autoregressive and integrated moving average, Irwin method to identify abnormal values, linear regression, time series dynamics, and method of chain substitutions. The research was performed by means of a continuous method based on studying the population of medical and demographic events.Results. Natural population growth and chronicity rates showed a stable negative trend, which indicated a decrease in the reproduction potential of the population, and an increase in chronic forms of diseases. Life expectancy, primary morbidity, and primary disability demonstrated a positive trend, but with a tendency to exhaust the positive potential. Infant mortality was the only indicator that consistently showed a positive trend. No additional results of the research were reported.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated the deterioration in population health of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, which may be due to a decline in living standards and quality of life as well as to a decrease in health care system performance and a rise in its dysfunctionality. The study has no limitations

The influence of the disordered dipole subsystem on the thermal conductivity of the CO solid at low temperatures

The thermal conductivity of solid CO was investigated in the temperature range 1–20 K. The experimental temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of solid CO was described using the time-relaxation method within the Debye model. The comparison of the experimental temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of N₂ and CO shows that in the case of CO there is an additional large phonon scattering at temperatures near the maximum. The analysis of the experimental data indicates that this scattering is caused by the frozen disordered dipole subsystem similar to a dipole glass. The scattering is described by the resonant phonon scattering on tunnelling states and on low-energy quasi-harmonic oscillations within the soft potential model