Association between dietary flavonoids intake and obesity in a cohort of adults living in the Mediterranean area

<p>Dietary polyphenols, including flavonoids, are abundantly present in a healthy and balanced diet. Evidence for their role in preventing non-communicable diseases is emerging. We examined the association between estimated habitual intake of dietary flavonoid and obesity in a cohort study. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, inverse association between total flavonoid intake and excess weight (BMI ≥25) was found (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.99); among individual classes of flavonoids, only flavanones were inversely associated with excess body weight (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.97). However, when considering adjustment for dietary factors (adherence to the Mediterranean diet), the associations were no more significant. When considering obesity as the outcome (BMI ≥30), individuals with high intake of total flavonoids and flavonols resulted less likely to be obese (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.66 and OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.99, respectively), even after adjustment for confounding factors. The results of the present study add to the current literature further evidence of the association between higher flavonoid intake and decreased body weight. Further studies are needed to confirm retrieved association.</p

Image_4_The Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme Appears to Promote Weight Loss and Reduce the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults.tif

<p>Objectives: To investigate the impact of the Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme (IWMP) on weight change, eligibility for bariatric surgery, HbA1c, and blood pressure.</p><p>Design: Prospective non-randomized intervention.</p><p>Setting: The IWMP is a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention for severely obese patients to avoid or optimize their physiological state thus enabling bariatric surgery. It uses dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity along with behavior change counseling.</p><p>Participants: Severely obese patients (Body Mass Index, BMI≥40 kg/m²).</p><p>Interventions: IWMP is a prospective intervention conducted in a National Health Service Tier 3 obesity service. It includes 3 phases of 8 weeks each: weight loss, weight stabilization, and weight maintenance. In each phase, patients adhered to a prescribed dietary regime and attended regular clinic visits. Data included in this analysis are from those who enrolled in IWMP between 2009 and 2013.</p><p>Primary and secondary measures: The primary outcome was weight change between baseline and completion of the programme. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, HbA1c and eligibility for bariatric surgery pre-assessment. Changes in outcomes were compared by age, sex, smoking status, and employment.</p><p>Results: Of n = 222 eligible patients, complete data were available for n = 141 patients (63.5%). At baseline, the mean (SD) BMI was 49.7 (9.2) kg/m² for women, and 47.9 (7.2) kg/m² for men. Mean (SD) weight change for women was −18.64 (8.36) kg and −22.46 (10.98) kg for men. N = 97 (69%) of patients achieved ≥10% weight loss. Individuals aged ≤ 50 years lost significantly more weight than those aged >50 years [mean (SD) weight loss: 22.18 (10.9) kg vs. 18.32 (7.92) kg, p = 0.020]. Changes in weight were non-significant by smoking status or employment. Median (IQR) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was −6 (−14.6) mmHg and 0 (−8.6) mmHg (non-significant), respectively. There was ~50% reduction in the need for bariatric surgery.</p><p>Conclusions: For the majority of the patients, IWMP is promoting weight loss and allowing for avoidance of, or optimization before, bariatric surgery.</p

Image_2_The Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme Appears to Promote Weight Loss and Reduce the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults.pdf

<p>Objectives: To investigate the impact of the Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme (IWMP) on weight change, eligibility for bariatric surgery, HbA1c, and blood pressure.</p><p>Design: Prospective non-randomized intervention.</p><p>Setting: The IWMP is a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention for severely obese patients to avoid or optimize their physiological state thus enabling bariatric surgery. It uses dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity along with behavior change counseling.</p><p>Participants: Severely obese patients (Body Mass Index, BMI≥40 kg/m²).</p><p>Interventions: IWMP is a prospective intervention conducted in a National Health Service Tier 3 obesity service. It includes 3 phases of 8 weeks each: weight loss, weight stabilization, and weight maintenance. In each phase, patients adhered to a prescribed dietary regime and attended regular clinic visits. Data included in this analysis are from those who enrolled in IWMP between 2009 and 2013.</p><p>Primary and secondary measures: The primary outcome was weight change between baseline and completion of the programme. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, HbA1c and eligibility for bariatric surgery pre-assessment. Changes in outcomes were compared by age, sex, smoking status, and employment.</p><p>Results: Of n = 222 eligible patients, complete data were available for n = 141 patients (63.5%). At baseline, the mean (SD) BMI was 49.7 (9.2) kg/m² for women, and 47.9 (7.2) kg/m² for men. Mean (SD) weight change for women was −18.64 (8.36) kg and −22.46 (10.98) kg for men. N = 97 (69%) of patients achieved ≥10% weight loss. Individuals aged ≤ 50 years lost significantly more weight than those aged >50 years [mean (SD) weight loss: 22.18 (10.9) kg vs. 18.32 (7.92) kg, p = 0.020]. Changes in weight were non-significant by smoking status or employment. Median (IQR) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was −6 (−14.6) mmHg and 0 (−8.6) mmHg (non-significant), respectively. There was ~50% reduction in the need for bariatric surgery.</p><p>Conclusions: For the majority of the patients, IWMP is promoting weight loss and allowing for avoidance of, or optimization before, bariatric surgery.</p

Image_1_The Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme Appears to Promote Weight Loss and Reduce the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults.pdf

<p>Objectives: To investigate the impact of the Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme (IWMP) on weight change, eligibility for bariatric surgery, HbA1c, and blood pressure.</p><p>Design: Prospective non-randomized intervention.</p><p>Setting: The IWMP is a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention for severely obese patients to avoid or optimize their physiological state thus enabling bariatric surgery. It uses dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity along with behavior change counseling.</p><p>Participants: Severely obese patients (Body Mass Index, BMI≥40 kg/m²).</p><p>Interventions: IWMP is a prospective intervention conducted in a National Health Service Tier 3 obesity service. It includes 3 phases of 8 weeks each: weight loss, weight stabilization, and weight maintenance. In each phase, patients adhered to a prescribed dietary regime and attended regular clinic visits. Data included in this analysis are from those who enrolled in IWMP between 2009 and 2013.</p><p>Primary and secondary measures: The primary outcome was weight change between baseline and completion of the programme. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, HbA1c and eligibility for bariatric surgery pre-assessment. Changes in outcomes were compared by age, sex, smoking status, and employment.</p><p>Results: Of n = 222 eligible patients, complete data were available for n = 141 patients (63.5%). At baseline, the mean (SD) BMI was 49.7 (9.2) kg/m² for women, and 47.9 (7.2) kg/m² for men. Mean (SD) weight change for women was −18.64 (8.36) kg and −22.46 (10.98) kg for men. N = 97 (69%) of patients achieved ≥10% weight loss. Individuals aged ≤ 50 years lost significantly more weight than those aged >50 years [mean (SD) weight loss: 22.18 (10.9) kg vs. 18.32 (7.92) kg, p = 0.020]. Changes in weight were non-significant by smoking status or employment. Median (IQR) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was −6 (−14.6) mmHg and 0 (−8.6) mmHg (non-significant), respectively. There was ~50% reduction in the need for bariatric surgery.</p><p>Conclusions: For the majority of the patients, IWMP is promoting weight loss and allowing for avoidance of, or optimization before, bariatric surgery.</p

Table_2_The Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme Appears to Promote Weight Loss and Reduce the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults.DOC

<p>Objectives: To investigate the impact of the Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme (IWMP) on weight change, eligibility for bariatric surgery, HbA1c, and blood pressure.</p><p>Design: Prospective non-randomized intervention.</p><p>Setting: The IWMP is a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention for severely obese patients to avoid or optimize their physiological state thus enabling bariatric surgery. It uses dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity along with behavior change counseling.</p><p>Participants: Severely obese patients (Body Mass Index, BMI≥40 kg/m²).</p><p>Interventions: IWMP is a prospective intervention conducted in a National Health Service Tier 3 obesity service. It includes 3 phases of 8 weeks each: weight loss, weight stabilization, and weight maintenance. In each phase, patients adhered to a prescribed dietary regime and attended regular clinic visits. Data included in this analysis are from those who enrolled in IWMP between 2009 and 2013.</p><p>Primary and secondary measures: The primary outcome was weight change between baseline and completion of the programme. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, HbA1c and eligibility for bariatric surgery pre-assessment. Changes in outcomes were compared by age, sex, smoking status, and employment.</p><p>Results: Of n = 222 eligible patients, complete data were available for n = 141 patients (63.5%). At baseline, the mean (SD) BMI was 49.7 (9.2) kg/m² for women, and 47.9 (7.2) kg/m² for men. Mean (SD) weight change for women was −18.64 (8.36) kg and −22.46 (10.98) kg for men. N = 97 (69%) of patients achieved ≥10% weight loss. Individuals aged ≤ 50 years lost significantly more weight than those aged >50 years [mean (SD) weight loss: 22.18 (10.9) kg vs. 18.32 (7.92) kg, p = 0.020]. Changes in weight were non-significant by smoking status or employment. Median (IQR) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was −6 (−14.6) mmHg and 0 (−8.6) mmHg (non-significant), respectively. There was ~50% reduction in the need for bariatric surgery.</p><p>Conclusions: For the majority of the patients, IWMP is promoting weight loss and allowing for avoidance of, or optimization before, bariatric surgery.</p

Table_1_The Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme Appears to Promote Weight Loss and Reduce the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Obese Adults.DOC

<p>Objectives: To investigate the impact of the Cambridge Intensive Weight Management Programme (IWMP) on weight change, eligibility for bariatric surgery, HbA1c, and blood pressure.</p><p>Design: Prospective non-randomized intervention.</p><p>Setting: The IWMP is a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention for severely obese patients to avoid or optimize their physiological state thus enabling bariatric surgery. It uses dietary interventions, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity along with behavior change counseling.</p><p>Participants: Severely obese patients (Body Mass Index, BMI≥40 kg/m²).</p><p>Interventions: IWMP is a prospective intervention conducted in a National Health Service Tier 3 obesity service. It includes 3 phases of 8 weeks each: weight loss, weight stabilization, and weight maintenance. In each phase, patients adhered to a prescribed dietary regime and attended regular clinic visits. Data included in this analysis are from those who enrolled in IWMP between 2009 and 2013.</p><p>Primary and secondary measures: The primary outcome was weight change between baseline and completion of the programme. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood pressure, HbA1c and eligibility for bariatric surgery pre-assessment. Changes in outcomes were compared by age, sex, smoking status, and employment.</p><p>Results: Of n = 222 eligible patients, complete data were available for n = 141 patients (63.5%). At baseline, the mean (SD) BMI was 49.7 (9.2) kg/m² for women, and 47.9 (7.2) kg/m² for men. Mean (SD) weight change for women was −18.64 (8.36) kg and −22.46 (10.98) kg for men. N = 97 (69%) of patients achieved ≥10% weight loss. Individuals aged ≤ 50 years lost significantly more weight than those aged >50 years [mean (SD) weight loss: 22.18 (10.9) kg vs. 18.32 (7.92) kg, p = 0.020]. Changes in weight were non-significant by smoking status or employment. Median (IQR) change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was −6 (−14.6) mmHg and 0 (−8.6) mmHg (non-significant), respectively. There was ~50% reduction in the need for bariatric surgery.</p><p>Conclusions: For the majority of the patients, IWMP is promoting weight loss and allowing for avoidance of, or optimization before, bariatric surgery.</p

Additional file 1: of Hepatic steatosis risk is partly driven by increased de novo lipogenesis following carbohydrate consumption

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