Fabrication of Reliable Joints of Alumina Ceramics by Microwave-Assisted Reactive Brazing Technique

Microwave-assisted reactive brazing technique was utilized for joining of alumina ceramics at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C for 20 min in argon atmosphere using TICUSIL (68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti in mass%) paste as the braze alloy. Conventional heating technique was also employed for comparison purpose only. The microwave and conventionally brazed joints were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Vickers microhardness measurement. X-ray diffraction data showed that the Ti-based compounds were formed at the substrate-filler alloy interfaces of the microwave and conventionally brazed joints. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the formation of thicker reaction region in the case of joints microwave brazed at higher temperature. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis determined the elemental compositions across the joint cross-section. Vickers microhardness measurements indicated more reliable performance of the joints microwave brazed at lower temperature. Hermiticity of the microwave and conventionally brazed joints was evaluated by Helium leak test and found to be acceptable for actual applications

Phenotype Recognition with Combined Features and Random Subspace Classifier Ensemble

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Automated, image based high-content screening is a fundamental tool for discovery in biological science. Modern robotic fluorescence microscopes are able to capture thousands of images from massively parallel experiments such as RNA interference (RNAi) or small-molecule screens. As such, efficient computational methods are required for automatic cellular phenotype identification capable of dealing with large image data sets. In this paper we investigated an efficient method for the extraction of quantitative features from images by combining second order statistics, or Haralick features, with curvelet transform. A random subspace based classifier ensemble with multiple layer perceptron (MLP) as the base classifier was then exploited for classification. Haralick features estimate image properties related to second-order statistics based on the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), which has been extensively used for various image processing applications. The curvelet transform has a more sparse representation of the image than wavelet, thus offering a description with higher time frequency resolution and high degree of directionality and anisotropy, which is particularly appropriate for many images rich with edges and curves. A combined feature description from Haralick feature and curvelet transform can further increase the accuracy of classification by taking their complementary information. We then investigate the applicability of the random subspace (RS) ensemble method for phenotype classification based on microscopy images. A base classifier is trained with a RS sampled subset of the original feature set and the ensemble assigns a class label by majority voting.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Experimental results on the phenotype recognition from three benchmarking image sets including HeLa, CHO and RNAi show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The combined feature is better than any individual one in the classification accuracy. The ensemble model produces better classification performance compared to the component neural networks trained. For the three images sets HeLa, CHO and RNAi, the Random Subspace Ensembles offers the classification rates 91.20%, 98.86% and 91.03% respectively, which compares sharply with the published result 84%, 93% and 82% from a multi-purpose image classifier WND-CHARM which applied wavelet transforms and other feature extraction methods. We investigated the problem of estimation of ensemble parameters and found that satisfactory performance improvement could be brought by a relative medium dimensionality of feature subsets and small ensemble size.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The characteristics of curvelet transform of being multiscale and multidirectional suit the description of microscopy images very well. It is empirically demonstrated that the curvelet-based feature is clearly preferred to wavelet-based feature for bioimage descriptions. The random subspace ensemble of MLPs is much better than a number of commonly applied multi-class classifiers in the investigated application of phenotype recognition.</p

Alternative Approach of Developing Optical Binary Adder Using Reversible Peres Gates

All-optical devices will play a very significant and crucial role in the modern all-optical network by eliminating the bottleneck of opto-electro-opto- (O-E-O-) conversion. Unfortunately, the conventional logic gates lose information at the output, and the states of the outputs cannot give any credible impressions of the states of the inputs. In this article, at first, the authors have proposed a method of designing an optical three-input-three-output reversible Peres gate. Authors have deployed polarization switching characteristic of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) for designing this circuit. The authors have also proposed a method of designing an optical reversible full adder, using two such Peres gates and subsequently a data recovery circuit which can recover the input data of the adder. The authors have chosen frequency encoded data for processing the operation. The proposed scheme has been verified by simulation results

One pot synthesis of polycyclic oxygen aromatics. Part IV reaction of THP ether of 2-bromomethyl phenols

Reaction of 2-bromomethyl-1-(2′-tetrahydropyranyloxy) benzene 3a with tetrachlorocatechol(TCC) in acetone in presence of anhydrous K2CO3 resulted in the formation of diastereomeric products to which cis- & trans- 6-chloro-8-hydroxy-8-(2-oxopropyl)spiro[9H-benzo[a]xanthen- 9,2′(1′H) benzofuran]-7(8H)-one (7a & 8a) structures were assigned, along with tetrachlorocatechol ethers (5a & 6a). Similar reaction of 3a with tetrabromocatechol(TBC) gave the expected monobromo compounds 7d & 8d along with the ethers 5d & 6d. When the reaction was repeated with substrates 3b–c with TCC/TBC in ketonic solvents(acetone/methyl ethyl ketone), the corresponding compounds 5b–c to 8b–c, 5e–f to 6e–f, 7e–g & 8e–h were obtained. A suitable explanation has been given for the formation of acetonyl compound 6 in this reaction

Metal Free C–H Functionalization Enabled Diastereoselective Multicomponent Reaction of N‑Heterocycles to Fused Heteropolycycles

A novel C–H functionalization enabled multicomponent reaction involving N-heterocycles, dinucleophile, and dipolarophile has been developed. Direct α- and more challenging β-C­(sp3)–H functionalization of aliphatic N-heterocycles was achieved without the use of metallic reagents and oxidants under either conventional or microwave aided heating conditions. In a single operation, up to five carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds are formed in a highly diastereoselective manner, providing the expeditious access to the complex heteropolycycles

Metal Free C–H Functionalization Enabled Diastereoselective Multicomponent Reaction of N‑Heterocycles to Fused Heteropolycycles

A novel C–H functionalization enabled multicomponent reaction involving N-heterocycles, dinucleophile, and dipolarophile has been developed. Direct α- and more challenging β-C­(sp3)–H functionalization of aliphatic N-heterocycles was achieved without the use of metallic reagents and oxidants under either conventional or microwave aided heating conditions. In a single operation, up to five carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds are formed in a highly diastereoselective manner, providing the expeditious access to the complex heteropolycycles

2011), “Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status among college women of Midnapore

ABSTRACT A woman&apos;s nutritional status has important implications for her health as well as the health of her children. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the overall prevalence of undernutrition among young adult women of Raja N. L. Khan Women&apos;s College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India. Our study measured data on height and weight of adults aged 18-20 years. A total of 491 females were measured. One commonly used indicator i.e., body mass index (BMI; kg/m 2 ), was used to evaluate the nutritional status of the subjects. Based on BMI, chronic energy deficiency (CED) was used as a measure of undernutrition. The mean (SD) BMI of the subjects was 20.05 kg/m 2 (SD = 2.63). Results revealed that there was a significant (F = 4.085***, p &lt; 0.001) increasing age trend in mean BMI. The overall age combined prevalence of CED was 28.3 %. Overall, only 4.5 % belonged to the overweight category. A significant (chi-square = 31.439; p &lt; 0.001) age relationship existed in the prevalence of CED. According to the WHO classification of low BMI, it is clear that studied college girls of Midnapore, India are in serious situation for all ages and the youngest (18 years) among them are experiencing the most serious situation (32.7 %) with respect to their health and nutritional status. Overall prevalence of CED was (28.3 %). Conditions of the young women&apos;s were more severe and this severity decreases with increasing age of these women&apos;s. Results have been compared with recent reports from 18 states of India

Metal Free C–H Functionalization Enabled Diastereoselective Multicomponent Reaction of N‑Heterocycles to Fused Heteropolycycles

A novel C–H functionalization enabled multicomponent reaction involving N-heterocycles, dinucleophile, and dipolarophile has been developed. Direct α- and more challenging β-C­(sp3)–H functionalization of aliphatic N-heterocycles was achieved without the use of metallic reagents and oxidants under either conventional or microwave aided heating conditions. In a single operation, up to five carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds are formed in a highly diastereoselective manner, providing the expeditious access to the complex heteropolycycles

Direct β‑C(sp³)–H Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines to α,β-Unsaturated Imines, Aldehydes, and Chromenes

A metal-free method for direct β-C­(sp³)–H functionalization of aliphatic amine was developed. The method is based on a reaction that yields enamine directly from the corresponding aliphatic amine, which otherwise requires the aid of metallic reagent and/or external oxidant. The reaction is operationally simple, general, and highly efficient in functionalizing both cyclic and acyclic amines. Structurally diverse unsaturated imines were obtained from <i>N</i>-heterocycles, while acyclic amines provided 2-alkyl cinnamaldehyde and benzopyran derivatives with excellent <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i>-selectivity