Establishing Frame Relay Connections Using Packet Tracer

Frame Relay is a protocol used for connecting devices on a wide area network. It operates at the data link layer providing a connection-oriented network. A Data-Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) is used for finding a communication path between the source and destination nodes. Local Management Interface (LMI) message is used to check the status between Frame Relay DTE and DCE. The basic configuration of frame relay is simple, but the network administrator plans the Frame Relay configuration based on different factors. In this research work different configurations of establishing Frame Relay connections are analyzed using Cisco Packet Tracer

Histo-MRI map study protocol: a prospective cohort study mapping MRI to histology for biomarker validation and prediction of prostate cancer

Magnetic resonance imaging; Pathology; Prostate diseaseImatges per ressonància magnètica; Patologia; Malaltia de la pròstataImágenes por resonancia magnética; Patología; Enfermedad de la próstataIntroduction Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is now widely used to risk stratify men with a suspicion of prostate cancer and identify suspicious regions for biopsy. However, the technique has modest specificity and a high false-positive rate, especially in men with mpMRI scored as indeterminate (3/5) or likely (4/5) to have clinically significant cancer (csPCa) (Gleason ≥3+4). Advanced MRI techniques have emerged which seek to improve this characterisation and could predict biopsy results non-invasively. Before these techniques are translated clinically, robust histological and clinical validation is required. Methods and analysis This study aims to clinically validate two advanced MRI techniques in a prospectively recruited cohort of men suspected of prostate cancer. Histological analysis of men undergoing biopsy or prostatectomy will be used for biological validation of biomarkers derived from Vascular and Extracellular Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumours and Luminal Water imaging. In particular, prostatectomy specimens will be processed using three-dimension printed patient-specific moulds to allow for accurate MRI and histology mapping. The index tests will be compared with the histological reference standard to derive false positive rate and true positive rate for men with mpMRI scores which are indeterminate (3/5) or likely (4/5) to have clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Histopathological validation from both biopsy and prostatectomy samples will provide the best ground truth in validating promising MRI techniques which could predict biopsy results and help avoid unnecessary biopsies in men suspected of prostate cancer. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was granted by the London—Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (19/LO/1803) on 23 January 2020. Results from the study will be presented at conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Results will also be available on ClinicalTrials.gov.This work is supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), grant reference (EP/R006032/1) and EP/M020533/1

24 Hours chronomics of ambulatory blood pressure and its relation with circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxy melatonin in night shift health care workers

Background: Night shift workers have altered circadian pattern of blood pressure/heart rate and hormones like melatonin and cortisol. Due to this variation, night shift worker suffers from various cardiovascular disorders and hormonal disturbances.Methods: The Present study was aimed to investigate the effects of rotating night shift on 24 hours chronomics of BP/HR and its relation with 6-sulfatoxy melatonin levels. 62 healthy nursing professionals, aged 20-40 year, performing day and night shift duties were recruited. Each month scheduled to continuous 9 days night shift (12 hours in regular 9 nights, from 20:00 to 08:00); after 9 days night shift they perform remaining duties in day shift and 4 days off in each month.Results: Ambulatory BP and HR were recorded at every 30 min intervals in day time and each hour in night time synchronically with circadian pattern of 6 sulfatoxy melatonin during shift duties. Highly Significant difference was found in double amplitude (2DA) of blood pressure between night and day shift (p<0.001). In night shift, hyperbaric index (HBI) of mean systolic blood pressure was found to be increased at 00-03 am (midnight) while during day shift, peak was found at 06-09 am. Peak melatonin was to be found in early morning as compared to mid night in both the shift.Conclusions: The present study concluded that the desynchronization was appeared during night shift and entrainment of circadian rhythm in the day shift.

Histo-MRI map study protocol: a prospective cohort study mapping MRI to histology for biomarker validation and prediction of prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is now widely used to risk stratify men with a suspicion of prostate cancer and identify suspicious regions for biopsy. However, the technique has modest specificity and a high false-positive rate, especially in men with mpMRI scored as indeterminate (3/5) or likely (4/5) to have clinically significant cancer (csPCa) (Gleason ≥3+4). Advanced MRI techniques have emerged which seek to improve this characterisation and could predict biopsy results non-invasively. Before these techniques are translated clinically, robust histological and clinical validation is required. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study aims to clinically validate two advanced MRI techniques in a prospectively recruited cohort of men suspected of prostate cancer. Histological analysis of men undergoing biopsy or prostatectomy will be used for biological validation of biomarkers derived from Vascular and Extracellular Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumours and Luminal Water imaging. In particular, prostatectomy specimens will be processed using three-dimension printed patient-specific moulds to allow for accurate MRI and histology mapping. The index tests will be compared with the histological reference standard to derive false positive rate and true positive rate for men with mpMRI scores which are indeterminate (3/5) or likely (4/5) to have clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Histopathological validation from both biopsy and prostatectomy samples will provide the best ground truth in validating promising MRI techniques which could predict biopsy results and help avoid unnecessary biopsies in men suspected of prostate cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was granted by the London-Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (19/LO/1803) on 23 January 2020. Results from the study will be presented at conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Results will also be available on ClinicalTrials.gov. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04792138

Statistical Feature Analysis for Ulcer and Bleeding Detection in Capsule Endoscopy Images

Visual quality of a color image plays a significant role in the diagnosis of the endoscopic images. The images obtained from a capsule are of lower quality, however higher quality images are required by gastroenterologist to make an accurate diagnosis

Ameliorative effect of <i style="">Cassia auriculata</i> L. leaf extract on glycemic control and atherogenic lipid status in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits

974-980Oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Cassia auriculata L. (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body wt daily for 21 days) to alloxan-induced mild diabetic (MD) and severe diabetic (SD) rabbits produced dose dependent fall in fasting blood glucose up to 400 mg/kg dose from day 3 to day 21. Further, a significant elevation in the levels of insulin and reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed in both MD and SD rabbits when treated with 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. The significant decrease in serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) with a concomitant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was exhibited by MD as well as SD rabbits following treatment with the extract. Atherogenic indices (TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) were also significantly reduced in both diabetic models of rabbits fed with the extract. Effect of the extract at 400 mg/kg dose was comparable to that of glibenclamide (600 µg/kg), a reference antidiabetic drug. Thus, the present study demonstrated that aqueous leaf extract of C. auriculata can be a possible candidate for antidiabetic drug

Protective role of <i style="">Cassia auriculata</i> leaf extract on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and its safety evaluation

371-377Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used from the ancient period to treat diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of C. auriculata aqueous leaf extract (CLEt) was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced mild diabetic (MD) and severe diabetic (SD) rats. A short-term toxicity assessment was also conducted in healthy rats to examine toxic effects of the extract. Oral administration of CLEt to MD and SD rats (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for a period of 21 days) produced significant fall in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the extract (400 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) in both MD and SD rats. The antioxidant defense system was also found to be improved in CLEt-treated (400 mg/kg) MD and SD rats, as revealed by significant increase in activities of erythrocyte’s antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) with a concomitant elevation in erythrocyte’s reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Moreover, there were no toxic signs in rats treated with high doses of the extract (1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight per day for 21 days). Blood glucose, hepatic and renal function parameters in these rats were found within normal limits. Phytochemical screening of CLEt revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides with antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties. This study suggests that CLEt possesses potent antioxidant activity along with antihyperglycemic potential, hence protective against diabetic complications

Assessment of prophylactic effect of <em>Senna auriculata</em> (L.) Roxb. leaves on alcohol-induced pancreatitis in rat model

612-614Aqueous leaf extract of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. syn. Cassia auriculata (SLEx) is known to possess potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Based on the known correlation between exocrine pancreatic function and endocrine secretary capacity, here, we studied the prophylactic effect of the SLEx on alcohol induced pancreatitis in rats. To induce chronic pancreatitis, the rats were fed with unsaturated fat i.e. corn oil (2.5 mL/kg) along with high dose of ethanol (10.2 g/kg) for 4 wk, and was increased 0.6 g/kg after every 2 days for 1 wk and then 0.6 g/kg after every 4 days for a period of 4 wk. SLEx was orally administered to rats at dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 4 wk. At the end of 4th wk, pancreatic enzymes i.e., &alpha;-amylase, lipase, serum and pancreatic MDA levels were estimated. Pancreatic histopathological studies were also performed. The SLEx significantly reduced the serum levels of &alpha;-amylase and lipase along with significant suppression in serum and pancreatic tissue lipid peroxidation. Histomorphological studies did not show any fatty vacoules in acinar cells of SLEx-treated rats. However, vacoulation was seen in acini of pathogenic control rats. With the results, we conclude that Senna auriculata aqueous leaf extract has potential to reduce the ethanol-induced pathogenecity, and it possesses prophylactic effect on alcohol-induced pancreatitis. However, a long term trial is needed to ascertain its therapeutic potential for pancreatitis

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms of <i> CRYGA</i> and <i> CRYGB</i> genes in control population of western Indian origin

<b>Aim:</b> Polymorphisms in <b>&#947;-</b>crystallins (<i> CRYG</i> ) can serve as markers for lens differentiation and eye disorders leading to cataract. Several investigators have reported the presence of sequence variations within crystallin genes, with or without apparent effects on the function of the proteins both in mice and humans. Delineation of these polymorphic sites may explain the differences observed in the susceptibility to cataract observed among various ethnic groups. An easier Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)-based method has been used to detect the frequency of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i> CRYGA</i> /<i> CRYGB </i> genes in control subjects of western Indian origin. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 137 healthy volunteers from western India were studied. Examination was performed to exclude volunteers with any ocular defects. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP based method was developed for genotyping of G198A (Intron A), T196C (Exon 3) of <i> CRYGA</i> and T47C (Promoter), G449T (Exon 2) of <i> CRYGB</i> genes. <b> Results: </b> The exonic SNPs in <i> CRYGA</i> and <i> CRYGB </i> were found to have an allele frequency 0.03 and 1.00 for ancestral allele respectively, while frequency of non-coding SNP in <i> CRYGA</i> was 0.72. Allele frequency of T90C of <i> CRYGB</i> varied significantly (<i> P</i> = 0.02) among different age groups. An <i> in-silico</i> analysis reveals that this sequence variation in <i> CRYGB</i> promoter impacts the binding of two transcription factors, ACE2 (Member of CLB2 cluster) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) which may impact the expression of <i> CRYGB</i> gene. <b> Conclusions:</b> This study establishes baseline frequency data for four SNPs in <i> CRYGA</i> and <i> CRYGB</i> genes for future case control studies on the role of these SNPs in the genetic basis of cataract

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Not AvailableIn the present study a 12-week feeding trials was conducted with animal or plant protein ( in combination with Glucosamine source @ 0.0, 0.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with Asian Catfish, Clarias batrachus (av. wt. 2.2+0.009 to 2.6+0.03 g) to evaluate the effects of proteins of different origin, blended with glucosamine, on intestinal tissues. Intestine of C. batrachus fed with natural food (NATFO, F7) showing normal architecture of intestine with circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Intestine of fish fed with P:A: G::0:100:0.5 feed ( F1) and P:A:G::0:100:5.0 feed (F2) showing normal appearance of circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Intestine of fish fed with Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::0:100:10.0 feed (F3) depicting normal appearance of circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, serosa and villi. Fusion of few villi is recorded. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:0.5 feed (F4) showing appearance of spaces between circular muscles and base of villi. Normal circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are seen. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:5.0 feed (F5) showing elongated lumen in villi. Circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are normally seen. Intestine of fish fed with P:A:G::100:0:10.0 feed (F6). Showing elongated lumen in villi. Circular muscles, longitudinal muscles and serosa are seen normally. Showing some detachment of base of villi observed. Results indicate that animal protein diets rich with glucosamine showing normal intestinal tissues architecture than in plant protein fed fishes. The plant protein fed fishes showed an alteration in the intestinal architecture in this threatened fish. However, the results suggests that supplementation of glucosamine has no direct relation with the histological alterations in the fish intestinal tissues.Not Availabl