Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual React Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fisika Dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Kelas VIII SMP

This study aims to (1) analyze the differences in understanding of physics concepts and science process skills among groups of students who study with contextual teaching and learning REACT model (MPKREACT) with a group of students who studied with conventional learning models (MPK). (2) Analyze the differences in understanding of physics concepts among groups of students who study with MPKREACT with a group of students who studied with MPK. (3) Analyze the differences in science process skills among groups of students who study with MPKREACT with a group of students who studied with MPK. The subjects were eighth grade students of SMP PGRI 9 Denpasar academic year 2012/2013. Sampling of the research was conducted by simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and MANOVA one lane. Based on the results of this study concluded that (1) there are differences in understanding of physics concepts and science process skills among the group of students who studied with MPKREACT with a group of students who studied with MPK (F=25,715; p<0,05). (2) There are differences in understanding of physics concepts among the group of students who studied with MPKREACT with a group of students who studied with MPK (F=47,844; p<0,05). (3) There are differences in science process skills among the group of students who studied with MPKREACT with a group of students who studied with MPK (F=8,795; p<0,05)

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Hipotetik Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Singaraja

The purpose of this research was to analyze: (1) the difference of critical thinking skills (CTS) and science process skills (SPS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model, (2) the difference of critical thinking skills (CTS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model, (3) the difference of science process skills (SPS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model. This research was quasi experiments with post-test only control group design factorial 2x1. Data of critical think skill were collected by using test and data of science process skills collected by using test and observation. Data analyzed by using descriptive analyze and one way MANOVA. It was found: (1) there was significant difference of critical thinking skills (CTS) and science process skills (SPS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model (F=59,161; p<0,05), (2) there was significant difference of critical thinking skills (CTS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model (F=22,219; p<0,05), (3) there was significant difference of science process skills (SPS) between student's group who were managed with hypothetical inquiry model and conventional learning model (F=113.559; p<0,05)

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Investigasi Kelompok (Group Investigation) Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Dan Hasil Belajar Sains Siswa SMP

This study aimed at determining the difference of process skill and learning outcomes of students who carried out learning with cooperative learning model GI, with students who carried out learning with conventional model. This included quasi-experimental study. The design of this study was Pre-test and post-test design. The population in this study was the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Negara, the sample of this study was 60 students. Data in this study were collected using the skills test of reliability coefficient equals 0,748, achievement test of reliability coefficient equals 0,736. The data were analyzed using the MANOVA test with significance level 0,05. * Penulis koresponden Email: [email protected] The results of this study concluded : (1) there were differences in process skills and science learning outcomes between students who undertook cooperative learning model GI with students who undertook learning with the conventional model(F= 12,85; P < 0,05), (2) there was a difference between the process skills of students who learned with cooperative learning model GI type with students who studied conventionally(F=18,152; P < 0,05), (3) there was a difference in science learnin

Penerapan Program Ipteks Bagi Wilayah (Ibw) Di Kecamatan Nusa Penida Kabupaten Klungkung Tahun 2012

Program Ipteks bagi Wilayah (IbW) di Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung tahun 2012 ditujukan untuk memberdayakan potensi yang ada di masyarakat. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, pemberian bantuan Iptek dari Perguruan Tinggi, dukungan Pemda, serta peran partisipasi masyarakat menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Bidang-bidang yang menjadi fokus perhatian dalam program ini adalah bidang pendidikan, pertanian-peternakan, industri rumahan, infrastruktur, dan lingkungan hidup. Desa lokasi program IbW Nusa Penida adalah Desa Suana, Desa Batukandik, dan Desa Sakti. Program ini dilaksanakan melalui metode/model: Partisipatory Rural Apprasial (PRA), Enthrepreneurship Capasity Building (ECB), Technology Transfer (TT), dan Information Technology (IT), dalam berbagai bentuk kegiatan seperti pendidikan dan pelatihan (diklat), pembinaan dan pendampingan, penyuluhan, percontohan (demplot), dan penghijauan. Adapun hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah; (1) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam bidang komputer bagi staf desa, kecamatan, dan guru-guru SD; (2) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagi anggota kelompok Sari Gading bidang pembuatan VCO; (3) membuat demplot biogas bagi petani; (4) meningkatkan keterampiran proses pembelajaran bagi bagi guru-guru PAUD; (5) meningkatnya keterampilan masyarakat sesuai minatnya sambil mereka belajar membaca dan berhitung; (6) meningkatkan keterampilan membuat media pembelajaran IPA berbasis lokal; (7) meningkatkan kualitas batako dan dampak lingkungan; (8) meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang cara pembibitan dan menanam pohon penghijauan sekitar 2.000 pohon jati dan karet setiap desa; (9) pengembangan budidaya jarak kepyar bekerjasama dengan Kimia Farma yang melibatkan sekitar 400 petani

Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review With Emphasis on the Potential of Intermittent Fasting as a Preventive Strategy

open access articleBackground: The world is still struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The level of uncertainty regarding the virus is still significantly high. The virus behaves differently in children and young adults. Most children and adolescents are either asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. They generally have a very good prognosis. However, it is not well known whether children and young adults with type 2 diabetes are at risk of getting a severe infection of COVID-19 or not as it has only been reported among adults with diabetes. Many children with type 2 diabetes have been performing dawn to dusk fasting during the month of Ramadan, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of this on their health has not been well investigated. Previous studies with adults have suggested that intermittent fasting may be beneficial in different ways including reversal of type 2 diabetes and prevention of COVID-19 infection. Objective: The primary aim of this narrative review is to summarise the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and young adults with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the knowledge gaps in the literature. It also explores the importance of intermittent fasting in reversing the pathogenesis of diabetes and highlighting the effects of Ramadan fasting on these patients. Methods: This narrative review has been produced by examining several databases, including Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and Web of Science. The most common search terms used were “COVID-19 AND Children”, “SARS-CoV-2 AND/OR Children”, “COVID-19 AND Diabetes” “COVID-19 Epidemiology”, “COVID-19 AND Ramadan fasting”, “COVID-19 and Intermittent fasting”. All the resources used are either peer-reviewed articles/reports and/or official websites, such as the BBC and GOV.UK. Results: Having reviewed the currently limited evidence, it has been found that the incidence of COVID-19 among children with type 2 diabetes seems to be not much different from children without diabetes. However, these patients are still vulnerable to any infection. Several studies have reported that prevention programmes such as intermittent fasting are effective to protect these groups of patients from developing any complications. Moreover, observing Ramadan fasting could be beneficial for some children with established diabetes and people at risk. Conclusion: Children and young adults with type 2 diabetes are not at risk of severe COVID-19 infection as the case in adults with diabetes. More research is needed to identify the impact of COVID-19 and to investigate the efficacy and safety of intermittent fasting, including Ramadan fasting, among these age groups. Implementing these cost-effective programmes may have a great impact in minimising the incidence of diabetes among these age groups during the current pandemic

Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent Disability in Leprosy: A Systematic Review

Background: Prevention of disability (POD) is one of the key objectives of leprosy programmes. Recently, coverage and access have been identified as the priority issues in POD. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of POD interventions is highly relevant to understanding the barriers and opportunities to achieving universal coverage and access with limited resources. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the quality of existing cost-effectiveness evidence and discuss implications for future research and strategies to prevent disability in leprosy and other disabling conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We searched electronic databases (NHS EED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS) and databases of ongoing trials (www.controlled-trials.com/mrct/, www.who.int/trialsearch). We checked reference lists and contacted experts for further relevant studies. We included studies that reported both cost and effectiveness outcomes of two or more alternative interventions to prevent disability in leprosy. We assessed the quality of the identified studies using a standard checklist for critical appraisal of economic evaluations of health care programmes. We found 66 citations to potentially relevant studies and three met our criteria. Two were randomised controlled trials (footwear, management of neuritis) and one was a generic model-based study (cost per DALY). Generally, the studies were small in size, reported inadequately all relevant costs, uncertainties in estimates, and issues of concern and were based on limited data sources. No cost-effectiveness data on self-care, which is a key strategy in POD, was found. Conclusion/Significance: Evidence for cost-effectiveness of POD interventions for leprosy is scarce. High quality research is needed to identify POD interventions that offer value for money where resources are very scarce, and to develop strategies aimed at available, affordable and sustainable quality POD services for leprosy. The findings are relevant for other chronically disabling conditions, such as lymphatic filariasis, Buruli ulcer and diabetes in developing countries

Low documentation of chronic kidney disease among high-risk patients in a managed care population: a retrospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is sub-optimal among the general population and among high risk patients. The prevalence and impact of major CKD risk factors, diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN), on CKD documentation among managed care populations have not been previously reported. We examined this issue in a Kaiser Permanente Georgia (KPG) CKD cohort.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>KPG enrollees were included in the CKD cohort if they had eGFRs between 60 and 365 days apart that were <90 ml/min during 1999-2006. The current analysis is restricted to participants with eGFR 10-59 ml/min/1.73 m². CKD documentation was defined as a presenting diagnosis of CKD by a primary care physician or nephrologist using ICD-9 event codes. The association between CKD documentation and DM and HTN were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 50,438 subjects within the overall KPG CKD cohort, 20% (N = 10,266) were eligible for inclusion in the current analysis. Overall, CKD diagnosis documentation was low; only 14.4% of subjects had an event-based CKD diagnosis at baseline. Gender and types 2 diabetes interacted on CKD documentation. The prevalence of CKD documentation increased with the presence of hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, but type 2 diabetes had a lower effect on CKD documentation. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of CKD documentation were eGFR, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, statin use, age and gender. CKD documentation was lower among women than similarly affected men.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Among patients with an eGFR 10-59, documentation of CKD diagnosis by primary and subspecialty providers is low within a managed care patient cohort. Gender disparities in CKD documentation observed in the general population were also present among KPG CKD enrollees.</p

Safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in children in Sierra Leone: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial

Background—Children account for a substantial proportion of cases and deaths from Ebola virus disease. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose heterologous vaccine regimen, comprising the adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccine encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (Ad26.ZEBOV) and the modified vaccinia Ankara vectorbased vaccine, encoding glycoproteins from the Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, and the nucleoprotein from the Tai Forest virus (MVA-BN-Filo), in a paediatric population in Sierra Leone. Methods—This randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was done at three clinics in Kambia district, Sierra Leone. Healthy children and adolescents aged 1–17 years were enrolled in three age cohorts (12–17 years, 4–11 years, and 1–3 years) and randomly assigned (3:1), via computer-generated block randomisation (block size of eight), to receive an intramuscular injection of either Ad26.ZEBOV (5 × 1010 viral particles; first dose) followed by MVA-BN-Filo (1 × 108 infectious units; second dose) on day 57 (Ebola vaccine group), or a single dose of meningococcal quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W135, and Y) conjugate vaccine (MenACWY; first dose) followed by placebo (second dose) on day 57 (control group). Study team personnel (except for those with primary responsibility for study vaccine preparation), participants, and their parents or guardians were masked to study vaccine allocation. The primary outcome was safety, measured as the occurrence of solicited local and systemic adverse symptoms during 7 days after each vaccination, unsolicited systemic adverse events during 28 days after each vaccination, abnormal laboratory results during the study period, and serious adverse events or immediate reportable events throughout the study period. The secondary outcome was immunogenicity (humoral immune response), measured as the concentration of Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific binding antibodies at 21 days after the second dose. The primary outcome was assessed in all participants who had received at least one dose of study vaccine and had available reactogenicity data, and immunogenicity was assessed in all participants who had received both vaccinations within the protocol-defined time window, had at least one evaluable post-vaccination sample, and had no major protocol deviations that could have influenced the immune response. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02509494. Findings—From April 4, 2017, to July 5, 2018, 576 eligible children or adolescents (192 in each of the three age cohorts) were enrolled and randomly assigned. The most common solicited local adverse event during the 7 days after the first and second dose was injection-site pain in all age groups, with frequencies ranging from 0% (none of 48) of children aged 1–3 years after placebo injection to 21% (30 of 144) of children aged 4–11 years after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination. The most frequently observed solicited systemic adverse event during the 7 days was headache in the 12–17 years and 4–11 years age cohorts after the first and second dose, and pyrexia in the 1–3 years age cohort after the first and second dose. The most frequent unsolicited adverse event after the first and second dose vaccinations was malaria in all age cohorts, irrespective of the vaccine types. Following vaccination with MenACWY, severe thrombocytopaenia was observed in one participant aged 3 years. No other clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were observed in other study participants, and no serious adverse events related to the Ebola vaccine regimen were reported. There were no treatment-related deaths. Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses at 21 days after the second dose of the Ebola virus vaccine regimen were observed in 131 (98%) of 134 children aged 12–17 years (9929 ELISA units [EU]/mL [95% CI 8172–12 064]), in 119 (99%) of 120 aged 4–11 years (10 212 EU/mL [8419–12 388]), and in 118 (98%) of 121 aged 1–3 years (22 568 EU/mL [18 426–27 642]). Interpretation—The Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen was well tolerated with no safety concerns in children aged 1–17 years, and induced robust humoral immune responses, suggesting suitability of this regimen for Ebola virus disease prophylaxis in children

Safety and long-term immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in adults in Sierra Leone: a combined open-label, non-randomised stage 1, and a randomised, double-blind, controlled stage 2 trial

Background The Ebola epidemics in west Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo highlight an urgent need for safe and effective vaccines to prevent Ebola virus disease. We aimed to assess the safety and long-term immunogenicity of a two-dose heterologous vaccine regimen, comprising the adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccine encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (Ad26.ZEBOV) and the modified vaccinia Ankara vector-based vaccine, encoding glycoproteins from Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, and the nucleoprotein from the Tai Forest virus (MVA-BN-Filo), in Sierra Leone, a country previously affected by Ebola. Methods The trial comprised two stages: an open-label, non-randomised stage 1, and a randomised, double-blind, controlled stage 2. The study was done at three clinics in Kambia district, Sierra Leone. In stage 1, healthy adults (aged ≥18 years) residing in or near Kambia district, received an intramuscular injection of Ad26.ZEBOV (5×1010 viral particles) on day 1 (first dose) followed by an intramuscular injection of MVA-BN-Filo (1×108 infectious units) on day 57 (second dose). An Ad26.ZEBOV booster vaccination was offered at 2 years after the first dose to stage 1 participants. The eligibility criteria for adult participants in stage 2 were consistent with stage 1 eligibility criteria. Stage 2 participants were randomly assigned (3:1), by computer-generated block randomisation (block size of eight) via an interactive web-response system, to receive either the Ebola vaccine regimen (Ad26.ZEBOV followed by MVA-BN-Filo) or an intramuscular injection of a single dose of meningococcal quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W135, and Y) conjugate vaccine (MenACWY; first dose) followed by placebo on day 57 (second dose; control group). Study team personnel, except those with primary responsibility for study vaccine preparation, and participants were masked to study vaccine allocation. The primary outcome was the safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen, which was assessed in all participants who had received at least one dose of study vaccine. Safety was assessed as solicited local and systemic adverse events occurring in the first 7 days after each vaccination, unsolicited adverse events occurring in the first 28 days after each vaccination, and serious adverse events or immediate reportable events occurring up to each participant’s last study visit. Secondary outcomes were to assess Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses at 21 days after the second vaccine in a per-protocol set of participants (ie, those who had received both vaccinations within the protocol-defined time window, had at least one evaluable post-vaccination sample, and had no major protocol deviations that could have influenced the immune response) and to assess the safety and tolerability of the Ad26.ZEBOV booster vaccination in stage 1 participants who had received the booster dose. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02509494. Findings Between Sept 30, 2015, and Oct 19, 2016, 443 participants (43 in stage 1 and 400 in stage 2) were enrolled; 341 participants assigned to receive the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo regimen and 102 participants assigned to receive the MenACWY and placebo regimen received at least one dose of study vaccine. Both regimens were well tolerated with no safety concerns. In stage 1, solicited local adverse events (mostly mild or moderate injection-site pain) were reported in 12 (28%) of 43 participants after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination and in six (14%) participants after MVA-BN-Filo vaccination. In stage 2, solicited local adverse events were reported in 51 (17%) of 298 participants after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination, in 58 (24%) of 246 after MVA-BN-Filo vaccination, in 17 (17%) of 102 after MenACWY vaccination, and in eight (9%) of 86 after placebo injection. In stage 1, solicited systemic adverse events were reported in 18 (42%) of 43 participants after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination and in 17 (40%) after MVA-BN-Filo vaccination. In stage 2, solicited systemic adverse events were reported in 161 (54%) of 298 participants after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination, in 107 (43%) of 246 after MVA-BN-Filo vaccination, in 51 (50%) of 102 after MenACWY vaccination, and in 39 (45%) of 86 after placebo injection. Solicited systemic adverse events in both stage 1 and 2 participants included mostly mild or moderate headache, myalgia, fatigue, and arthralgia. The most frequent unsolicited adverse event after the first dose was headache in stage 1 and malaria in stage 2. Malaria was the most frequent unsolicited adverse event after the second dose in both stage 1 and 2. No serious adverse event was considered related to the study vaccine, and no immediate reportable events were observed. In stage 1, the safety profile after the booster vaccination was not notably different to that observed after the first dose. Vaccine-induced humoral immune responses were observed in 41 (98%) of 42 stage 1 participants (geometric mean binding antibody concentration 4784 ELISA units [EU]/mL [95% CI 3736–6125]) and in 176 (98%) of 179 stage 2 participants (3810 EU/mL [3312–4383]) at 21 days after the second vaccination. Interpretation The Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccine regimen was well tolerated and immunogenic, with persistent humoral immune responses. These data support the use of this vaccine regimen for Ebola virus disease prophylaxis in adults