Morphological and physiological variation among different isolates of Alternaria spp. from Rapeseed-Mustard

To find out the Morphological variation on growth and sporulation of Alternaria species of Alternaria leaf blight of mustard from 10 representative geographical locations of Bangladesh, this experiment was conducted at Plant Pathology Laboratory, Oilseed Research center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Inistitute (BARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. All the isolates showed high level of variability in in-vitro in respect of radial mycial growth, colony colour, sub surface colour, colony shape, colony texture, zonation (surface and sub surface), length and width of conidia, beak length and number of septa. The maximum and minimum radial mycial growth was recorded 90 mm in isolate NATAb and 83.67 mm in isolate GAZAb, respectively at 14 days after incubation. Significant variation in conidial length, width, beak and no. of conidia observed in all isolates. The length of conidia ranged from 41.56 to 117.54µm with 3 to 11 transverse and 0 to 3 vertical septa. The width and beak length varied from 10.34 to 23.12 µm and 16.78 to 72.65 µm ,respectively. Surface colour were olivacious green to black and circular shaped colonies were observed in all isolates on PDA medium. Colony texture were cottony to velvety. Subsurface colour varied from light brown to black and pinkish. Zonation found in some isolates and some did not produce on both surface and subsurface. All conidia were murifrom and light brown to deep brown in colour. Potato Carrot Dextrose Agar medium (PCDA) and 25 o C temperature were found optimum for different isolates for mycelial growth and sporulation

Deep residual network with regularised fisher framework for detection of melanoma

Of all the skin cancer that is prevalent, melanoma has the highest mortality rates. Melanoma becomes life threatening when it penetrates deep into the dermis layer unless detected at an early stage, it becomes fatal since it has a tendency to migrate to other parts of our body. This study presents an automated non‐invasive methodology to assist the clinicians and dermatologists for detection of melanoma. Unlike conventional computational methods which require (expensive) domain expertise for segmentation and hand crafted feature computation and/or selection, a deep convolutional neural network‐based regularised discriminant learning framework which extracts low‐dimensional discriminative features for melanoma detection is proposed. Their approach minimises the whole of within‐class variance information and maximises the total class variance information. The importance of various subspaces arising in the within‐class scatter matrix followed by dimensionality reduction using total class variance information is analysed for melanoma detection. Experimental results on ISBI 2016, MED‐NODE, PH2 and the recent ISBI 2017 databases show the efficacy of their proposed approach as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art methodologies

A role for nuclear PTEN in neuronal differentiation

Mutations of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a protein and lipid phosphatase, have been associated with gliomas, macrocephaly, and mental deficiencies. We have assessed PTEN\u27s role in the nervous system and find that PTEN is expressed in mouse brain late in development, starting at approximately postnatal day 0. In adult brain, PTEN is preferentially expressed in neurons and is especially evident in Purkinje neurons, olfactory mitral neurons, and large pyramidal neurons. To analyze the function of PTEN in neuronal differentiation, we used two well established model systems-pheochromocytoma cells and cultured CNS stem cells. PTEN is expressed during neurotrophin-induced differentiation and is detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Suppression of PTEN levels with antisense oligonucleotides does not block initiation of neuronal differentiation. Instead, PTEN antisense leads to death of the resulting, immature neurons, probably during neurite extension. In contrast, PTEN is not required for astrocytic differentiation. These observations indicate that PTEN acts at multiple sites in the cell, regulating the transition of differentiating neuroblasts to postmitotic neurons