Dual Solutions for MHD Stagnation-point Flow of a Nanofluid Over a Stretching Surface with Induced Magneticfield

Present study deals with the buoyancy-driven MHD mixed convection stagnation-point flow, heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a non-isothermal stretching sheet in presence of induced magneticfield, radiation, chemical reaction, suction/injection and heat source/sink. The basic governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The resulting system is solved numerically by bvp5c Matlab package. Numerical results are validated by comparing with the published results. The influence of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, induced magneticfield, temperature and concentration profiles along with coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented with the help of graphs and tables. Comparisons are made with the existed studies. Results indicate that dual solutions exists only for certain range of suction/ injection parameter and injection parameter have tendency to enhance the momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thickness

Evaluation of various methods of susceptibility to ofloxacin in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A comparison of three methods of susceptibility testing was undertaken on 30 susceptible and 25 resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to determine an acceptable in vitro definition of resistance of ofloxacin. The strains were tested by the proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) and 7H11 media and also by the BACTEC radiometric method. Using a criterion of 1 per cent or more growth at a concentration of 2 mg/1, there was a 100 per cent agreement with the conventional MIC method by the proportion tests on L-J as well as on 7H11 media. The BACTEC radiometric method, at the same concentration, yielded 98 per cent agreement. Thus, any of these methods could be used depending upon the infrastructure available

A study on variations of the second part of the duodenum, the pancreas and the portal vein with applied aspects

INTRODUCTION: The duodenum and pancreas are the deepest-lying parts of the digestive tract. Anatomic relations between the duodenum, the pancreas and the surrounding structures are crucial to several disease processes. Knowledge of the anatomy of the duodenum will facilitate intubations and minimize risk. Until recently the small intestine had been relatively inaccessible for non-operative diagnostic procedures compared with stomach and colon. Several diagnostic techniques like mucosal biopsy, Enteroclysis, Selective Mesenteric Angiography, Scintigraphy and Fiberoptic Endoscopy are now available for specific diseases of the small bowel. The clinician and the endoscopist should be aware of the basic features of the small intestine structure as well as of regional variation in structure and function. Such knowledge greatly facilitates an understanding of the pathophysiology, evaluation and management of the small intestinal diseases, with the help of the modern diagnostic techniques. AIM OF THE STUDY The second part of the duodenum, the pancreas and the portal vein were studied with regard to 1. Dimensions of the duodenum: a) Length of the duodenum, b) Width of the duodenum, c) Length of the second part of the duodenum. 2. Duodenal papilla: a) Position of the major duodenal papilla, b) Opening of major duodenal papilla into the duodenum, c) Size of the major duodenal papilla, d) Shape of the major duodenal papilla, e) Shape of the orifice of major duodenal papilla, f) Distance between the pylorus and major duodenal papilla, g) Presence of minor duodenal papilla, h) Position of minor duodenal papilla, i) Size of minor duodenal papilla, j) Distance between minor and major papilla. 3. Pancreas: a. Length, b. Width of the Head, neck, body and tail, c. Shape, d. Termination of main pancreatic duct, 4. Portal vein: a) Formation of portal vein, b) Level of formation, c) Termination of inferior mesenteric vein, 5. Congenital anomalies, 6. Blood Supply, 7. Applied aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anatome – the name given to the science of anatomy by Aristotle two thousand three hundred years ago. The word means cutting up – the method by which the study of the structure of living things is made possible. Although ultrasonogrphy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography, contrast radiography are advances in the investigatory methods in the living, manual dissection is still a valuable mode of study in the cadavers and this method is followed in the present study. MATERIALS: The 100 specimens for the present study were obtained from the cadavers of the Department of Anatomy and from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Thanjavur Medical College. The Specimens were collected without any age, sex, socio-economic status, religion or pathological bias. The Specimens were removed from the cadaver as per the Cunningham’s manual of Practical Anatomy. The abdominal cavity was opened by an incision extending from the xiphoid process to symphysis pubis. The greater omentum was exposed. The attachment of the gastrocolic ligament to the transverse colon was cut, turning the stomach and the ligament upwards, the posterior abdominal wall peritoneum was exposed. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the duodenum, the pancreas and the portal vein have been studied and the results compared with the earlier studies. The summary of the present study in human, in 100 specimens of duodenum and pancreas is as follows: • The dimensions of the duodenum were within normal limits in about 70%. • The major duodenal papilla was located in the second part of the duodenum in 94%, at the junction of I and II part in 5% and at the junction of II and III part in 1%. • The major papilla opened posteromedially into the duodenum in 79% and medially in 21%. • The size of the major papilla was in the range of 0.5 to 1 cm in 76%, 0.3 to 0.5cm in 12.5% and above 1 cm in 11.5%. • The shape of the major papilla was papillary in 96% and flat in 4%. • The shape of the orifice of the major papilla was round in 85% and slit-like in 15%. • The distance between the pylorus and the major papilla was in the normal range of 8 – 10 cm in 48%. The range was 7 – 8 cm in 30%, 5 - 7cm in 13% and 10 – 12cm in 9%. • The minor papilla was absent in 9%. • The minor papilla was located on the anterior wall of the duodenum in 100%. • The size of the minor papilla was in the range of 2 - 5 mm in 92.3%, 5-7mm in 5.5% and above 7mm in 2.2%. • The distance between the major and minor papilla was within the normal range of 1-2.5 cm in 84.6%. In 13.2%, the distance was 2.5 – 3.5cm and in 2.2%, it was less than 1cm. • The dimensions of the pancreas were within the normal limits in about 70%. • The shape of the pancreas was oblique in 87%, inverted V-shaped in 9% and sigmoid in 4%. • The union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein formed the portal vein in 74% and the confluence of the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and splenic vein, in 26%. • The inferior mesenteric vein terminated in the splenic vein in 45%, in the superior mesenteric vein in 29% and in the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric vein in 26%. • Duodenal diverticula were found in 5%, which were seen near the ampulla of Vater. • Double anterior pancreaticoduodenal arcade was observed to arise from the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery in 2%. • Short pancreas was observed in 1%. Interest in pancreatic anatomy has been stimulated by the development of improved clinical imaging modalities (e.g. Ultrasonogram, Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging) and by the growing application of pancreas transplantation to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study is presented to shed more light on normal anatomy and variations of the duodenum, the pancreas and the portal vein

Nocardia bacteraemia in an HIV-positive patient - a case report

Nocardiosis has been recognized in recent times as an unusual opportunistic infection associated with HIV. Bacteraemia due to this pathogen is even rarer and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report here a case of pulmonary nocardiosis with bactcracmia, which was initially diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose this infection as the clinical presentation and radiographic features mimic pulmonary tuberculosis

Effects of Aligned Magneticfield and Radiation on the Flow of Ferrofluids Over a Flat Plate with Non-uniform Heat Source/sink

In this study we analyzed the influence of radiation and aligned magneticfield on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate in presence of non-uniform heat source/sink and slip velocity. We considered Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles embedded within the two types of base fluids namely water and kerosene. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. The effects of dimensionless quantities on the flow and temperature profiles along with the friction factor and Nusselt number is discussed and presented through graphs and tables. It is found that present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special assumptions. Results indicate that a raise in the aligned angle enhances the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate

How good are the simulations of tropical SST–rainfall relationship by IPCC AR4 atmospheric and coupled models?

The failure of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by prescribed SST to simulate and predict the interannual variability of Indian/Asian monsoon has been widely attributed to their inability to reproduce the actual sea surface temperature (SST)–rainfall relationship in the warm Indo-Pacific oceans. This assessment is based on a comparison of the observed and simulated correlation between the rainfall and local SST. However, the observed SSTconvection/rainfall relationship is nonlinear and for this a linear measure such as the correlation is not an appropriate measure. We show that the SST– rainfall relationship simulated by atmospheric and coupled general circulation models in IPCC AR4 is nonlinear, as observed, and realistic over the tropical West Pacific (WPO) and the Indian Ocean (IO). The SST–rainfall pattern simulated by the coupled versions of these models is rather similar to that from the corresponding atmospheric one, except for a shift of the entire pattern to colder/warmer SSTs when there is a cold/warm bias in the coupled version

An Analytical Study of Profitability of Refinery Industry of India

પેટ્રોલિયમ પેદાશ અને ક્રુડ ઑઈલ એ કોઈપણ દેશ માટે ખૂબ જ મહત્વના વિભાગો છે. પેટ્રોલિયમ પેદાશો અને ક્રુડ ઑઈલની કંપની દ્વારા દેશમાં રોજગારીનું પ્રમાણ વધારી શકાય છે.દાશનું નિકાસ દ્વારા વિદેશી હુંડિયામણની કમાણી કરી શકાય છે. ટૂંકમાં દેશનો આર્થિક વિકાસ રીફાઈનરી કંપની દ્વારા પણ સારા પ્રમાણમાં કરી શકાય. ભારતમાં 1800 માં પેટ્રોલિયમ પેદાશ અને ક્રુડની શરૂઆત થઈ. સ્વતંત્રતા પછી ONGC નામની સંસ્થાની સ્થાપના થઈ. આ સંસ્થાએ વિકાસ કરવાની નેતાગીરી માથે લીધી ત્યાર પછી દેશમાં વૈશ્ર્વિકરણ આવતા 1990 માં ઑઈલ અને પેટ્રોલના સંદર્ભમાં નવી આર્થિક નીતિ જાહેર થઈ. આપણા દેશમાં તેલના મર્યાદીત ક્ષેત્રો છે. તેના પરિણામે તેલના ઉત્પાદન અને માંગમાં મોટો તફાવત જોવા મળે છે. ભારતમાં તેલનો વૃધ્ધિદર સારો દેખાય છે. ખાસ કરીને ગુજરાત, રાજસ્થાન, બોમ્બે આસામમાં પણ તેલનો વૃધ્ધિદર સારો છે. ONGC પ્રાઇવેટ કંપનીના જોડાણ સાથે મહત્વનો રોલ અદા કરે છે. આ કંપનીએ જમીન પર કુલ 10 લાખ ચો. કિ.મી., દરિયા કિનારા પર 394500 સંશોધન કાર્ય કર્યું છે. ભારતમાં 14 કંપનીઓ વર્તમાનમાં કામ કરી રહી છે. આમાંથી ONGC એ કુલ ચો. કિ. મી.ના 52.4%, RIL એ ચો. કિ. મી.ના 17% અને બાકીનું 8% કામ HOEL અને 6% અન્ય કંપનીએ કર્યું છે. વર્તમાન સમયમાં આ ક્ષેત્રો મુક્ત બજાર માટે ખુલ્લા છે. સંશોધન પ્રવૃત્તિ માટે મુખ્ય લાભ આર્થિક ઉત્તેજન છે. જેવા કે રોયલ્ટી અને ટેક્ષ જોડાણ સરકાર દ્વારા પુરા પડાય છે. આ ઉપરાંત આકર્ષક કિંમત અને સંયુક્ત મૂડી એ વિકાસ માટેનો બીજો રસ્તો છે. સંશોધન પ્રવૃત્તિમાં મુખ્ય ત્રણ પ્રકારની પ્રવૃત્તિ છે