Gambaran Leukosit Darah Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) Yang Terinfestasi Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Pada Derajat Infestasi Yang Berbeda Dengan Metode Kohabitasi [Leukocyte Profil of Koi Fish (Cyprinus Carpio) Which Infested by Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis on the Different Infestation Degree with Cohabitation Methode]

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is one type of ornamental fresh water, which much liked because of its beauty such as have shape, colour and beautiful patern, so many people depend on their life from culturing and marketing koi fish. The main obstacle in koi fish culture is disease attack. The disease caused by interaction between host, pathogen and environment (Fisheries and Marine Department, 2005). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (I. multifiliis) is one of parasite which can cause fish ichtyopthiriasis. According Durborow (1998) said, that clinical sign of koi fish who affected by I. multifiliis had a white spot. I. multifiliis is a parasite that eat blood cells (Dogiel et al., 1970). According Macdonald et al., (2001) in Saptanto (2004) explain, that parasite infestation also could increase eosinophile. Total of monocyte increases if there are a foreign substantion in tissue or blood circulation and neutrophile are phagocyte which could migration in the other tissue to eat bacteria (Moyle and Chech, 2004). Meyer and Harvey (1998) in Salasia (2001) assert, that blood test also useful to help disease diagnose, examining immune system and to determine fish health status. The method was used in this field research is experimental method by cohabitation method. This research is expected to provide information and knowledge about leucocyte component which infested by I. multifiliis at different infestation level with cohabitation method. This research was done July 26, 2010 until December 31, 2010 at Klepon Village, District of Garum, Blitar, East Java and in the Laboratory of Education Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Fisheries, Airlangga University, Surabaya. I. multifiliis infestation level are classified based on the total of I. multifiliis who infestation koi fish total of low: 1–5 parasites/slide, medium: 6–10 parasites/slide, High: more than 11 parasites/slide (Margolis et al., 1982 in Akter dkk., 2007). The result of research showed that chages of leucocyte blood profil of the amount the total each leucocyte component (lymphocyte, neutrophile, monocyte, eosinophile) koi fish who infested by I. multifiliis, there is a declining in average percentage of total lymphocyte in low infestation 86.20%, medium infestation 79.40% and heavy infestation 75.20%. The average percentages of total monocyte was increasing in low infestation 5.40%, medium infestation 5.60% and heavy infestation 6.60%. The average percentages of total neutrophile also increasing in low infestation 6.40%, medium infestation 11.20% and heavy infestation 11.60%. The average percentages of total eosinophile also increasing in low infestation 2.00%, medium infestation 3.60% and heavy infestation 5.60%. water oquality measured during research, the average of temperature 24-26C and pH cohabitation 8

Efektivitas Perasan Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila Dengan Metode Difusi Kertas Cakram [Effectiveness of Thamarin Juice (Tamarindus Indica L) on Growth of Bacteria Aeromonas Hydrophila with Paper Disc Diffusion Method]

Fish disease is one of the serious problems that faced by the farmers potentially to make high disadvantages as follows, mortality of fish and fish quality decrease, therefore economically will caused price decrease. Bacterial pathogens were one of the problems that were faced by fish farmers, which cause 90% of mortality. Diseases control caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in general using by antibiotics. Antibiotics are commonly used were tetracycline, oxolinic acid, erytromicin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. Using of antibiotics has shown good results, but on the other hand using of antibiotics or antibacterial cultivation would increased the bacteria number of resistant to antibiotics. This research was purposed to find the alternative treatment of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia by determination ability of a squeeze of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) and the minimum concentration of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. The function of tamarind as an antibacterial because they contain antibacterial substance such as flavonoids and saponins. The results showed that the antibacterial power of tamarind juice has antibacterial power against Aeromonas hydrophila. Based on a sentsitivity test was performed according to standard of antibiotic concentrations that are common to Aeromonas hydrophila, was Tetracycline inhibition zone with 18 mm (very sensitive) is A (10%), and B (12.5%), treatment inhibition zone subsequently 13 mm and 14.3 mm (insensitive), C (15%), D (17.5%), with inhibition zone 15.5 mm and 16.6 mm (self-sensitive) and 20% with inhibition zone diameter of 19 mm (highly sensitive). Therefore, it was concluded that A treatment (15%) with inhibition zone 15.5 mm showed the inhibition ability of Aeromonas hydrophila growth

Patologi Anatomi Ikan Komet (Carassius Auratus Auratus) Akibat Infestasi Argulus Japonicus Jantan Dan Betina Pada Derajat Infestasi Yang Berbeda [Anatomic Pathology of Comet Fish (Carassius Auratus Auratus) as Result of Males and Females Argulus Japonicus Infestation in Different Degree ]

Usaha perikanan terutama ikan hias air tawar merupakan alternatif USAha untuk menjalankan perekonomian. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya ikan komet adalah penyakit, terutama parasit. Infestasi ektoparasit Argulus japonicus dapat mengakibatkan kematian dan kerugian ekonomi bagi pembudidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat mengetahui Perubahan atau kelainan pada kulit ikan komet yang disebabkan oleh ektoparasit Argulus japonicus jantan dan betina. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2015 di Laboratorium Pendidikan Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental. Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap Perubahan patologi anatomi diolah dengan analisis statistik Analisis Variansi Rancangan Acak lengkap Pola Faktorial. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelompok perlakun yaitu kelompok satu menggunakan Argulus japonicus jantan dan kelompok dua menggunakan Argulus japonicus betina. Masing-masing kelompok menggunakan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Perubahan patologi anatomi pada kulit ikan komet. Skoring dilakukan untuk menentukan derajat kerusakan patologi anatomi kulit ikan komet. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa infestasi ektoparasit Argulus japonicus jantan dan betina dapat mengakibatkan Perubahan patologi anatomi pada ikan komet, tingkat kerusakan patologi anatomi ikan komet yang terjadi mengikuti derajat infestasi ektoparasit Argulus japonicus, perlakuan infestasi masing-masing Argulus japonicus jantan dan betina juga berpengaruh terhadap kerusakan patologi anatomi ikan komet, dan kondisi pemeliharaan ikan komet yang baik selama penelitian dapat meminimalkan pengaruh lain di luar pengaruh infestasi Argulus japonicus

Pemberian Dolomit Pada Kultur Daphnia Spp. Sistem Daily Feeding Pada Populasi Daphnia Spp. Dan Kestabilan Kualitas Air [Dolomite Added at Culture of Daphnia Spp. Daily Feeding System at Daphnia Spp. Population and Water Quality Stability].

Daphnia spp. was potential source of live feed to be developed for larvae of freshwater fish. One of maximize culture technology was daily feeding system with rice bran solution. This system able to increase Daphnia spp. population. The problem of daily feeding culture technology was water quality stability, such as high pH fluctuation and high ammonia concentration. Water pH stability and decrease of ammonia concentration could be increased by dolomite added which function as stabilize pH buffer. The aim of this research found out the dolomite dose and culture period that able to increase population and stabilize of water quality. Experimental design was Completely Random Design with 4 replicates those were A control (0 mg/l), B (50 mg/l), C (100 mg/l), D (150 mg/l), E (200 mg/l) and F (250 mg/l). Parameter that measured were Daphnia spp. population and water quality, such as temperature, pH, ammonia, dissolve oxygen and alkalinity. The data were examined using ANAVA(Analysis of Variance) to know treatment effect and be continued by Duncan Multiple Range with trust of degree 0,05. for water stability using descriptif methode. Result of analysis showed that high population for all treatment were held on 6th, 7th and 8th day with the highest Daphnia spp. population was held on 8th day by F treatment (250 mg/l) were 9900 Daphnia spp./l. Water quality data showed different between each treatment

Pengaruh Pemberian Nata De Nanno Dan Nannochloropsis Oculata Terhadap Populasi Brachionus Plicatilis [Effect of Giving Nata De Nanno and Nannochloropsis Oculata on Population of Brachionus Plicatilis]

This study aims to determine the effect of Nata De Nanno and Nannochloropsis oculata for Brachionus plicatilis population. The research method used was experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The treatments used were: (A) Nata de Nanno 5x109 cells/L N. oculata, (B) Nata de Nanno 4x109 cells/L N. oculata, (C) Nata de Nanno 3x109 cells/L N. oculata, (D) N. oculata 5x109 cells/L, (E) N. oculata 4x109 cells/L and (F) N. oculata 3x109 cells/L. Analysis of data using variant analysis (ANOVA) and to determine the differences between treatments performed tests Distance Regression Duncan. The results showed that administration of Nata De Nanno and Nannochloropsis oculata for Brachionus plicatilis populations exert a significantly different (p<0,05) in each treatment delivery Nata De Nanno and Nannochloropsis oculata with the highest peak population of young B. plicatilis achieved on the fifth day of treatment D (N. oculata) with a concentration of 5x109 cells/L produce a population young B. plicatilis as much as 98,5 individuals/ml. The lowest peak population of young B. plicatilis on the fifth in treatment C (Nata de Nanno) with a concentration of 3x109 cells/L N. oculata 76,75 produce a population of young B. plicatilis 76,75 individuals/ml. Water quality parameters during the study was the temperature ranges between 27-31°C, a salinity of 31 ppt, pH value 7, DO (Dissolved oxygen) ranged between 5-8 mg/L, and ammonia levels ranged from 0-0.25 mg/L

Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides) Dalam Transportasi Tertutup Benih Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) [the Effects of Bandotan Leave's (Ageratum Conyzoides) Essential Oil Within Closed System Transportation of Koi Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) ]

In the ornamental fish business, transportation has an important role to distributing fish up into the costumers. The distance between the farm and the customers location, require a transportation method which can maintain the quality and quantity of ornamental fish during the transportation. The biggest challenge in live fish closed system transportation is to reduce the stress level of fish during the process. According to Harmon (2009), fish are often exposed to multiple stressor during the transportation. Stressed fish can be seen through the increasing of tachiventilation (rapid opercula movement) and blood glucose levels (Evans and Claiborne, 2006). One of the method to reduce stress of fish during transportation is using essential oils from Bandotan's (A. conyzoides) leaves. A. conyzoides essential oils know has an analgesic activity (Okunade, 2002; Shekhar and Anju, 2012; Singh et al., 2013). A chemical compound with known analgesic effect, used in human and veterinary medicine as local analgesic dan be used to fish for the purpose of sedation, immobilization, and analgesia as well as general anaesthesia (Zahl and Samuelsen, 2012). This research was conducted to see the effect of A.conyzoides essential oils toward the survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachyventilation of koi carp juveniles during closed system transportation. This research using completely randomized design method which consist of 5 different treatments with 4 replications. Treatment that used in this research is the variation of administration doses of A. conyzoides essential oils during the koi carp juvenile closed system transportation. The treatment such as A (5 ppm), B (10 ppm), C (15 ppm), D (20 ppm), and E (0 ppm). Main parameter of this research is survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachyventilation of koi carp juvenile during 8 hours transportation. The result shows that A. conyzoides essential oils give a significant result toward survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachiventilation of koi carp juvenile during transportation. There is no mortality in treatment A, B, and E, during transportation. The lowest blood glucose levels and tachiventilation found in treatment A (5 ppm)

Bioaktivitas Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum Conyzoides) Terhadap Respon Fisiologis (Glukosa Darah Dan Tachiventilasi) Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) [Bioactivity Essential Oil of Bandotan Leaf (Ageratum Conyzoides) on Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) Physiological Responses (Blood Glucose and Tachiventilation) ]

Koi (C. carpio) is one of famous ornamental fish in Indonesia. Fish often be subject of change or stessor like physical, chemical and biology on culture. Stress in fish caused released cortisol hormone and cathecolamine hormone. Cathecolamine increase glicogenolisis, cardiovascular regulation and respiration fungtion. Blood glucose and tachiventilation (opercular movement) can indicate stress respon in fish. Essential oil of A. conyzoides have central analgesic activity. Analgesic drugs in vertebrae can reduce stress in fish. Essential oil shown inhibitory effect of GABA transminase, an enzime GABA (gammaaminobutryic acid) degradation which can provoking sedation. Sedation effect in fish reduce blood glucose and tachiventilation. Potency bioactive essential oil of bandotan leaf compound haven't been know in aquaculture. The potency based of LC50 (Lethal Consentration 50 %) value Purpose of this research determined effect of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf on Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Phsycology Response (Blood Glucose and Tachiventilation) every 4 hours durung 24 hours and LC50-24 hours. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University Surabaya. Research design used Completely Randomized Design and followed by Duncan's Multiple range test. Results of analysis of variance (ANAVA) from early observation and every 4 hours during 24 hours day showed that each treatment of essential oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf gave a significantly different effect on the blood glucose and tachiventilation (P <0.05). The highest average of blood glucose was found in D treatment at second observation (443,67 mg/dl) and the lowest was found in C treatment (60,67 mg/dl). The highest average of tachiventilation was found in D treatment at first observation (1730 bit/9 minute) and the lowest was found in A treatment (437,67 bit/9 minute) at early observation. LC50-24 hours essenial oil Ageratum conyzoides leaf is 34,047 ppm. Based on measurements of water quality, treatments was still viable and good to supported viability of Cyprinus carpio during research, water temperature range between 29-31oC, range of dissolved oxigen 4-6 mg/l, pH ranges 7,5-8,3 and 0,0060,27 mg/l on ammonia

Perasan Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) sebagai Pengendali Infestasi Argulus pada Ikan Komet (Carassius Auratus Auratus) [ Papaya Leaf Juice (Carica Papaya L.) For Control Infestation Of Argulus At Comet Fish (Carassius Auratus Auratus) ]

Comet fish farming are very popular almost all over Indonesia. Production problems associated with cultivation can not be separated from discussions about the disease that can cause death in fish. One of the parasites known to infect comet fish is Argulus. One alternative to the safe control of ectoparasites is to use papaya leaves. The content of the papaya leaves one of them is an alkaloid carpain. The purpose of this study was to determine which the juice of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) can release Argulus that infest comet fish (Carassius auratus auratus) and the concentration of papaya leaf juice is effective as a control Argulus that infest comet fish. The method used is an experimental laboratory with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as an experimental design. The treatments used were is the concentration of the difference papaya leaf juice, A (0%), B (20%), C (25%) and D (30%) with five replications. The main parameters of the observed loss of Argulus is attached to the comet fish and behavior of comet fish. Observations include water quality parameters include temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Analysis of data by using ANOVA test (Analysis of Variance),if there is a difference among treatments, followed by Duncan's Multiple range test. The result showed ANOVA test with p &lt;5% indicates that the soaking juice of papaya leaves Argulus infestations affect the comet fish. The best juice of papaya leaves is treatment D (30%) which can move 88% in immersion for 20 minutes

Pengaruh Kedalaman Sarang Penetasan Penyu Hijau (Chelonia Mydas) terhadap Masa Inkubasi dan Persentase Keberhasilan Penetasan di Pantai Sukamade, Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Banyuwangi Jawa Timur [Effect Of Nesting Site Depth Of Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas) On The Incubation Period And Hatching Success Percentage In Sukamade Beach, Meru Betiri National Park, Banyuwangi In East Java]

Indonesia is an archipelago that is rich in diversity of flora and fauna. One of these is a wealth of fauna species of sea turtles. All species of sea turtles in the world by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) put in Appendix I as endangered and protected and not allowed to be traded. The purpose of this study was to determine effect the ratio of the depth from nest egg incubation and hatching percentage of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) nests at different depths in Sukamade, Betiri Meru National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java. The design of the study is a randomized block design (RGD). The groups as replicates for RGD, between groups or experimental material media are considered uniform. The results showed that the average incubation period was 58.87 +0.39 days, then the results were followed by Duncan\u27s multiple range test, which showed that the highest yield obtained by the depth of 50 cm wasn\u27t significantly different (p> 0.05) with depth of 30 cm and 70 cm. While the results obtained at the lowest depth of 90 cm was significantly different (p 0.05) from another depth. Whereas the lowest hatching results obtained on depth of 90 cm are significantly different (p> 0.05) from the other depth (30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm). The conclusion of this study was different depth of green turtle nests affect the egg incubation period and the percentage of egg hatching success of green turtles