CONTRASTING ARBOREAL AND TERRESTRIAL BRYOPHYTES COMMUNITIES OF THE MOUNT HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA

Bryophyte communities were compared between arboreal (trunk bases) and terrestrialhabitats in primary forest Mount Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. The communitieswere analyzed based on species diversity, abundance, and biomass. A total of 150 bryophytesspecies were identified, including 67 species of mosses (Bryopsida) and 83 of liverworts(Hepaticopsida). Both bryophyte groups varied in diversity and abundance between arborealand terrestrial communities as well as among different elevations. Species diversity of arborealhabitats (116 species)was higher than that of terrestrial habitats (64 species). Moss speciesweremore abundant in terms of coverage in terrestrial habitats whereas liverworts species weremore abundant in arboreal habitats. Species richness in both terrestrial and arboreal habitatsdecreased towards higher elevation, whereas the abundance increased

Litter Decomposition Rate of Avicennia Marina and Rhizophora Apiculata in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Banten

Litter decomposition rate is useful method to determine forest fertility level. The aims of this study were to measure decomposition rate, and analyze the nutrient content released organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphor from Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata litters during the decomposition process. The research was conducted in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Serang-Banten on A. marina and R. apiculata forest communities. Litter decomposition rate measurements performed in the field. Litter that has been obtained with the trap system is inserted into litter bag and than tied to the roots or trees to avoid drifting sea water. Litter decomposition rate was measured every 15 days and is accompanied by analysis of the content of organic C , total N and P. Our research results showed decomposition rate of A. marina (k= 0.83) was higher than that of R. apiculata (k= 0.41). Differences of leaf anatomical structure and sea water salinity influenced to the rate of litter decomposition. Organic C released was declined with longer of litter decomposition, on the contrary of releasing N and P nutrients

Contrasting Arboreal and Terrestrial Bryophytes Communities of the Mount Halimun Salak National Park, West Java

Bryophyte communities were compared between arboreal (trunk bases) and terrestrialhabitats in primary forest Mount Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. The communitieswere analyzed based on species diversity, abundance, and biomass. A total of 150 bryophytesspecies were identified, including 67 species of mosses (Bryopsida) and 83 of liverworts(Hepaticopsida). Both bryophyte groups varied in diversity and abundance between arborealand terrestrial communities as well as among different elevations. Species diversity of arborealhabitats (116 species)was higher than that of terrestrial habitats (64 species). Moss speciesweremore abundant in terms of coverage in terrestrial habitats whereas liverworts species weremore abundant in arboreal habitats. Species richness in both terrestrial and arboreal habitatsdecreased towards higher elevation, whereas the abundance increased

Allelopathy Potential of Alpinia Malaccensis (Burm. F.) Roxb. Due to Seeds Germination and Growth of Merremia Peltata (L.) Merril

Allelopathy is a natural strategy for the protection or inhibition toward other vegetation through the release of chemicals into the environment. Alpinia malaccensis is thought to be capable of carrying out allelopathic mechanisms, as this species is found to grow well on land invaded by Merremia peltata. Invasive type control with alleopathic mechanism is an alternative to consider as it does not leave a potential residue as a contaminant of soil as it is chemically controlled. The study attempt to investigate the content of A. malaccensis allelochemicals and analyzed the alelopathy potential of A. malaccensis on seed germination and seedling growth of M. peltata. Research method used completely randomized design with 6 replicates for seed treatment and three replicates for seedling treatment. Seeds which have relatively similar size and weight were obtained from the field. Seeds were germinated in petri dishes that have been coated by filter paper, each petri dish contained 6 seeds of M. peltata. The treatment of the seeds germination was performed by giving 3 ml of rhizomes and leaves extracts of A. malaccensis (control, 30 g/L, 60 g/L, 90 g/L, 120 g/L, and 150 g/L). The treatment of the seedlings was performed by giving 30 ml of rhizomes and leaves extracts of A. malaccensis (control, 50 g/L, 100 g/L, 150 g/L, and 200 g/L). The analysis of chemical compounds of fresh rhizomes and leaves showed that A. malaccensis contains alcohol, amide, fatty acid, phenol, ketones, and terpenoids. Rhizomes and leaves extracts 150 g/L of A. malaccensis showed the highest inhibition in germination, dry weight, plumule and radicle length of M. peltata sprout parameters. Rhizomes and leaves extract 200 g/L of A. malaccensis showed the highest inhibition in tendril length, amount of leaves, length and width of M. peltata leaves parameters. To be more efficient, application in the field should use low concentration of extracts that can inhibit the M. peltata. Results of this study are expected to provide information about alternative solutions to suppress the invasion of M. peltata to preserve ecosystems of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) in Lampung

Growth and Development of Apogamous Adiantum Lunulatum Burm. F. Gametophyte From Dry and Humid Areas in Java Island

Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f. has been widely used in aesthetic needs and medical fields. Detail information about the life cycle of A. lunulatum is still unknown, particularly about its gametophyte generation. Present work aimed to study and compare the growth and development of the gametophytes of A. lunulatum from dry and humid areas. Research method consists of two stages: (1) Spores were collected from two locations, Pasuruan and Bogor and (2) Spores were planted and observed the growth and development of gametophyte. The result showed that natural habitat of the plant in various dry and humid areas, affecting the rate of growth and development rates of A. lunulatum gametophyte. The gametophyte from the dry area showed faster rate of growth and development than that of humid areas. The spores collected from dry area need 9 weeks for germination, growth, and development while the spores of humid area took 22 weeks

Growth and Development of Apogamous Adiantum Lunulatum Burm. F. Gametophyte From Dry and Humid Areas in Java Island

Adiantum lunulatum Burm. f. has been widely used in aesthetic needs and medical fields. Detail information about the life cycle of A. lunulatum is still unknown, particularly about its gametophyte generation. Present work aimed to study and compare the growth and development of the gametophytes of A. lunulatum from dry and humid areas. Research method consists of two stages: (1) Spores were collected from two locations, Pasuruan and Bogor and (2) Spores were planted and observed the growth and development of gametophyte. The result showed that natural habitat of the plant in various dry and humid areas, affecting the rate of growth and development rates of A. lunulatum gametophyte. The gametophyte from the dry area showed faster rate of growth and development than that of humid areas. The spores collected from dry area need 9 weeks for germination, growth, and development while the spores of humid area took 22 weeks

Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Paku Terestrial Di Hutan Kota DKI Jakarta [Terestrial Ferns Diversity in Urban Forest DKI Jakarta]

Urban forest is one of the green open area consisted of natural forest-like vegetation. It has suitable microclimate for understory habitat, including terrestrial ferns. The diversity of fern in three urban forest in DKI Jakarta is reported, i.e the urban forest at The University of Indonesia (UI) Campus, The Cibubur Arboretum and PT JIEP (Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulogadung). Vegetation analysis was conducted by purposive sampling method with a transect line of 200 m in each location with 15 plots of (3x3) m2 each. Fern determination was done based on herbarium specimens and literatures. Fern diversity was analyzed based on Shannon diversity index, and equality index. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to determine the correlation between fern diversity and abiotic factors. There were 18 fern species classified into 11 genera and eight families, at the UI urban forest and Cibubur Arboretum, but there was no fern in PT JIEP. Fern with the highest importance value index was Sphaerostephanos sp. (161.33%) in The UI urban forest, and Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br. (71.63%) in Cibubur Arboretum. The CCA result showed that the fern diversity correlated to four abiotic factors i.e temperature,humidity, light intensity and soil pH

Anatomical Characters Used for Defining Five Species of Nepenthes From Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

Anatomical structures may vary among the species of Nepenthes. Therefore, the anatomical characters apparently could be used for supporting the morphological characters in identifying species. This study aimed to seek a valuable anatomical character for identifying and defining five species of Nepenthes occur in Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of leaves, pitchers and its lids of Nepenthes gracilis, Nepenthes mirabilis, Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana, and Nepenthes reinwardtiana were collected and prepared for paradermal and transverse section of microscope slides. The results showed that the anatomical characters of the leaves, pitchers and lids from these five species of Nepenthes could be used for differentiating five species Nepenthes observed. The absence of nectary gland at the abaxial of pitcher lids of N. gracilis and N. ampullaria separate them from others species. The leaf epidermis of these two species have different cell wall. The length of lunate cells at the inner surface of upper half pitchers are comparable for identifying the pitchers of N. mirabilis from those of N. reinwardtiana. The presence of crystal at the parenchymal tissue of pitcher differentiate N. rafflesiana from the four others. In this research, the identification key for Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands based on the anatomical character was presented

Tetracera Scandens as a Medicinal Plant: Secretory Structures, Histochemistry, and Antibacterial Activity

Tetrascera scandens, a member of Dilleniaceae, is used for traditional medicine; the stem is utilized by the Anak Dalam tribe of Jambi Province, Sumatera island, Indonesia, to treat diarrhea symptoms. The aims of this study were to identify the secretory structures, histochemical aspects, and the antibacterial potency of T. scandens stem. Histological study of the secretory structures of T. scandens stem was carried out. The species has idioblast cells and trichomes as its secretory structures. Histochemical analysis indicated the substance secreted by T. scandens idioblast cells mainly contains alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenols. Trichomes of T. scandens only contain flavonoids. The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts was tested against Staphyllococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Different concentration of extracts was tested using the well diffusion method. According to the results, 100 mg/mL T. scandens extract showed the best inhibitory activity with a maximum inhibition zone of 17.7 mm against S. aureus and of 12.5 mm against E. coli. This study provides scientific evidence that the stem of T. scandens has antibacterial activity and justifies its use by the local community