Assessment of atmospheric pollution in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny with emissions from motor vehicles and industrial enterprises

The information on existing stationary sources of atmospheric pollution, their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, factual emissions was collected and analyzed within the framework of the present study. On-site investigations of the structure and intensity of the traffic flow on the main thoroughfares of Naberezhnye Chelny were conducted. Based on the obtained data, a summary calculation of 143 pollutantswas carried out, taking into account those, included in 28 summation groups;maps of distribution of air pollution level throughout the city were drawn and analyzed for each substance, first-ever for Naberezhnye Chelny.Based on the results of calculation of pollutants dispersion, a forecast was made for the concentrations of pollutants in the residential area of the city. The substances and summation groups, for which maximum permissible concentration is likely to be exceeded (carbonic oxide, nitrogen dioxide and the summation groups, formed by these substances) were detected. Along major automobile highways and interchanges, the zones with expected values of maximum surface concentrations of more than 1 MPC were observed for carbonic oxide.To estimate the relative share of emissions from stationary and mobile sources, the calculation was carried out, without taking into account the vehicles and enterprises of the motor transport complex. It was found, that the calculated emissions of carbon oxide and nitrogen dioxide by stationary sources, in comparison with mobile sources, are not so significant and cause no more than 0.1 MPC.By the nature of spatial distribution, two distinctly different groups of pollutants were defined: mainly contained in emissions of industrial enterprises, and coming into the atmospheric air, mainly with emissions from automotive transport.Keywords: emissions fromautomotive transport, maximum permissible concentration, calculation of dispersion, maps of spatial distributio

Organization of road traffic flows taking into account environmental criteria

© by University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. Iran. Modern scientific knowledge about the problem of environmental pollution by road transport is based on the concept of the negative impact of the entire transport complex, and not just individual transport facilities. The problem of environmental pollution by objects of the motor transport complex is aggravated by the rapid growth of the car park. Together with the insufficient development of the road network and the low level of quality management of road transport flows, this leads to a critical environmental situation in cities. Along with the progressive deterioration of the quality of atmospheric air, other environmental problems associated with the production of automotive equipment, spare parts and operating materials, operation, maintenance, storage and disposal of vehicles are aggravated. One of the most effective ways to resolve the problem situation is the establishment of quotas for emissions of pollutants from road traffic, taking into account the polluting background and the achievement of the established quotas by organizing the movement of vehicles. The proposed method predetermined the development of a system analysis methodology, which determines the sequence of analysis stages and methods for their implementation, combining mathematical modeling and programming, air sampling techniques, laboratory instrumental analysis and statistical processing of experimental results. In this regard, a method has been developed to limit emissions of pollutants from road traffic flows by introducing quotas, for the implementation of which an algorithm, special software and a calculation and instrumental method of environmental monitoring of road traffic flows are proposed

Effect of autologous plasma treatment on the cornea regeneration with Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs

Our study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of autologous plasma enriched with platelets as part of the complex treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) of moderate severity in dogs. In our experiment, 20 dogs of various breeds with clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca participated. The animals were divided into the experimental group and the control group, 10 dogs in each group. The animals of the control group were treated with standard treatment: local antibiotic therapy, a topical immunosuppressant (cyclosporine), and also a lubricant. In addition to standard treatment, an autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) was additionally subconjunctivally injected weekly to animals of the experimental group. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by monitoring the changes in the hydration level of the anterior segment of the eye, the cytological picture of smears and gross anatomical appearance of the front of eye. The results in experimental group demonstrated a decrease in the number of desquamated epithelial cells, as well as a more intense decrease in segmented cells. The dynamics of the reduction of the clinical manifestations of KCS in animals that used PRP as part of complex therapy is more pronounced and was quite fast. Our observations show that autologous platelet-rich plasma is a powerful protector of corneal regeneration and therefore could be recommended to use in corneal erosion, keratitis ulcers and corneal injuries, as well as a keratoprotector after surgical interventions on the cornea and intraocular structures. © 2020 Popova et al