Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Bintang Laut Bertanduk (Protoreaster nodosus) terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus sp. dan Candida albicans

Starfish is a marine biota that have potency for used in human health. Protoreaster nodosus is species of starfish that commonly found in water of southeast Sulawesi and not widely used by local community. The aim of this study is to find out bioactive compound and to examine the antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity ethanol exract of Protoreaster nodosus. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is used in bioactive compound assay and disk diffussion method is used to examine antibacterial and antifungal activity. Ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus is diluted into 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 8000 ppm, 16.000ppm and 32.000 ppm. As the result result of this study, ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus are positively containing alkaloid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin. The diameter of clear zone of disk containing extract in nutrient agar with Streptococcus sp are  4,4 mm, 5,4 mm, 6,7 mm, 9,4 mm dan 11,4 mm, consecutively. The diameter of clear zone of disk containing extract in potato dextrose agar with Candida albicans are 6,6 mm, 9,15 mm, 11,5 mm, 13,95 mm and 20,7 mm, consecutively. In the conclusion, ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus from Southeast Sulawesi containing alkaloid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin. The Antibacterial activity is strong in concentration of 32.000 ppm and the antifungal activity is strong in 32.000  ppm, 16.000 ppm, 8.000 ppm, 4000 ppm concentration. Keywords: Protoreaster nodosus, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity Streptococcus sp, Candida albicans, secondary metabolit

Korelasi Antara Pola Makan, Cara Menggosok Gigi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Status Karies Gigi Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Dental Caries is one of the most common mouth disease in children. According to the data obtained from Public Health Centre in North Buton regency, since 2011 to 2013 there were 304, 141 and 167 cases of dental caries respectively in Kulisusu District, placing the dental caries at the eigth rank. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge and attitude in dental health with dental caries status at SMPN 4 Kulisusu in North Buton regency in 2014. The design of this study is analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population was consist of 98 students and the samples were obtained by total sampling method. A questionnaire was distributed to measure dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge and attitude. The Dental caries status was obtained using DMF-T Index.The data analyzed by conducting Somer’s test at the significance level 0,05. The result of this study showed that 60,2% respondent have poor dietary habit, 68,4% respondent not brushing their teeth with good manner, 39,8% respondent do not have good knowledge about dental health and 51,0% respondent do not have good attitude in dental care.According to DMF-T index, 10,2% have very high index, 25,5% have high index, 37,8%, have moderate index, 18,4% have low index and 8,1% have very low index. The conclusions of the study showed that there were statistically significant relationships between dietary habit, way of teeth brushing and attitude with dental caries status (p = 0,001,   0,000, and 0,031 respectively). Knowledge has no statistically significant relationship with dental caries status (p-Value = 0,867).Keywords: dental caries status, dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge, attitude, Junior high Schoo

Bioaktifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra) terhadap Pertumbuhan Klebsiella pneumoniae Secara In Vitro

Holothuria scabra is  one of the biota that commonly found in Southeast Sulawesi waters and traditionally use as a source food and medicine by local tribe. They also harvesting this species for exported to several countrywith high demand.  Even this species have commmercially beneficience, but there is lack of publication about the bioactivity, especially H. Scabra derived from southeast Sulawesi. This study aims to determine secunder metabolite that contain in the extractand to examine antibacterial bioactivity of H. scabra ethanol extract againstKlebsiellapneumoniae by defining the Minimum Inhibitory Consentration. The method using an experimental with post test onlycontrol group design. The extraction is using maseration method and the extract then  diluted and divided intoten concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, 0,78%, 0,39%, and 0,19%. The secunder metabolite was determined by using TLC and the MIC was determined by using dilution method. All consentration.As the result, TLC test showing positif result for alcaloid and triterpenoid and the nutrient broth starting to show no turbidity in concetration 0,78%. The conclusion of this study is ethanol extract of H. Scabra contain alkaloid and triterpenoid as secunder metabolite and the MIC was in 0,78% concentration.Keywords: Holothuria scabra, Klebsiella pneumoniae,  MIC, alkaloid, terpenoi

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Mikroalga Air Tawar

Cell or tissue damage due to oxidative stress can be slowed by giving antioxidants. Antioxidants are vital substances that may help protect the body against free radicals by neutralizing or mitigate negative impacts. The human body is naturally equipped antioxidant defenses. but these antioxidants can not completely prevent cell damage. Body still requires antioxidants from the outside. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant potential of microalgae species in freshwater.This research is a descriptive study of the identification of species of freshwater microalgae samples taken with a microscope and testing of extracts from freshwater microalgae species of antioxidant activity using DPPH method. Microalgae extract as much 2,25ml then homogenized with DPPH as 0,75ml in containers with a volume of 3ml. The containers are then incubated for 30 minutes in a dark room. Furthermore, the container is inserted into the spectrophotometer to read absorbance at 519nm wavelength. Results absorbance at the input curves to obtain IC50 values.The results that have identified three species of freshwater microalgae namely Navicula sp., Oscillatoria sp., And Carteria sp. From all three species showed strong inhibition against DPPH with IC50 values sequentially 41.304 ppm, 23.401 ppm and 51.433 ppm. The conclusions of this study are species of freshwater microalgae are obtained, namely Navicula sp., Oscilatoria sp., And Carteria sp. has potential antioxidant activityKeywords: Microalgae, antioxidant, DPP

ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PREEKLAMPSIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor kejadian umur kehamilan, gravida, dan hiperplasentosis sebagai faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia, di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2010-2012. Jenis penelitian adalah studi deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan case control. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2010-2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan data sekunder yaitu rekam medis. Sampel kasus pada penelitian ini adalah ibu yang didiagnosa oleh dokter mengidap preeklampsia dan kontrol yaitu ibu hamil normal di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2010-2012. Sampel berjumlah 158 orang yang terdiri dari 79 kasus dan 79 kontrol yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa umur kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia dengan OR = 2,975 (1,557-5,683; 95%), gravida merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia dengan OR = 2,881 (1,499-5,538; 95%) dan hiperplasentosis merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia dengan OR =2,529 (1,333-4,799; 95%). Umur kehamilan, gravida dan hiperplasentosis merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2010-2012. Kata kunci : preeklampsia, gravida, umur kehamilan, hiperplasentosi

Perbedaan Kejadian Infeksi Cacing Antara Petugas Pengangkut Sampah Yang Menggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Dengan Petugas Pengangkut Sampah Yang Tidak Menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri

Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infection globally spread around the worlds. Incidence of helminth infection more common in childrens, but adult with special job like garbage workers have same risk with that childrens. The aim of this study is to determine differences between USAge of personal protective equipment with the helminth infection among garbage workers that completely used personal protective equipement and that not completely used . The method of this study is an observational with cross sectional design. Population in this study are garbage workers at Sanitary Service Wakatobi Regency. Sampling method using total sampling with 59 samples. The data about USAge of personal protective equipement have done by observation and faecal examination by direct slide. The differences analysed statistically using Chi-Square test. As a result, it is obtained that among the workers that not completely using personal protective equipment, there 27 (60%) samples are infected and 18 (40%) samples are not infected. Among the workers that completely using personal protective equipment, there is 4 (28,6%) samples are infected and 10 (71,4%) samples are not infected (p = 0,04). The conclusion of this study is there was relation between USAge of personal protective equipment with helminth infection in garbage workers

Bioaktifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Teripang Pasir (Holothuria Scabra) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Klebsiella Pneumoniae Secara in Vitro

Holothuria scabra is one of the biota that commonly found in Southeast Sulawesi waters and traditionally use as a source food and medicine by local tribe. They also harvesting this species for exported to several countrywith high demand. Even this species have commmercially beneficience, but there is lack of publication about the bioactivity, especially H. Scabra derived from southeast Sulawesi. This study aims to determine secunder metabolite that contain in the extractand to examine antibacterial bioactivity of H. scabra ethanol extract againstKlebsiellapneumoniae by defining the Minimum Inhibitory Consentration. The method using an experimental with post test onlycontrol group design. The extraction is using maseration method and the extract then diluted and divided intoten concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, 0,78%, 0,39%, and 0,19%. The secunder metabolite was determined by using TLC and the MIC was determined by using dilution method. All consentration.As the result, TLC test showing positif result for alcaloid and triterpenoid and the nutrient broth starting to show no turbidity in concetration 0,78%. The conclusion of this study is ethanol extract of H. Scabra contain alkaloid and triterpenoid as secunder metabolite and the MIC was in 0,78% concentration