3 research outputs found
Development of Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles for Dust Mite Allergen
Purpose: To develop chitosan/alginate microparticles for the mucosal
delivery of allergen from dust mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
). Methods: Chitosan/alginate microparticles were prepared by
ionotropic gelation. The effects of polymer content, crosslinking
agent, and preparation method on the physicochemical characteristics of
the microparticles as well as their in vitro cytotoxicity were
investigated. Results: The microparticles were small (1 -17 µm)
and spherical in shape. The highest allergen content (0.30 ± 0.07
mg/g) was obtained with 2.5 % initial allergen loading in
chitosan-triphosphate (CS-TPP) microparticles. Sustained allergen
release (approx. 50 % over 24 h) was observed from alginate-coated
chitosan microparticles. Allergen incorporation method and initial
drug-loading could be varied to obtain optimum particle size with high
allergen-loading and sustained release. The cytotoxicity of various
microparticle formulations did not differ significantly (p > 0.05 ),
as cell viability values were close to 100 %. Conclusion: This study
indicates that alginate and alginate-coated chitosan microparticles are
safe and can be further developed for mucosal allergen delivery
Ovalbumin lipid core peptide vaccines and their CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses
The lipid core peptide (LCP) system has successfully been used in development of peptide-based vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases (such as group A streptococcal infection). CD8 T cells are important targets for vaccines, however developing a vaccine that activates long-lasting immunity has proven challenging. The ability of LCP vaccines to activate antigen-specific CD8 and/or CD4 T cell responses was tested using compounds that contained two or four copies of OVA and/or OVA peptides conjugated to LCP, which are recognised by OTI (CD8 specific) and OTII (CD4 specific) T cells, respectively. The LCP-ovalbumin vaccines developed in this study were synthesised in 30% yields and showed no significant haemolytic effect on red blood cells (below 4% haemolysis when tested with compounds at up to 100μM concentrations). Promising in vivo data in mice suggested that this LCP-ovalbumin vaccine system could act as a novel and potent vehicle for the stimulation of robust antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses
Oral Methylated N-Aryl Chitosan Derivatives for Inducing Immune Responses to Ovalbumin
Purpose: To investigate different structures of modified chitosan
containing different chain lengths and aromatic moieties for vaccine
delivery capacity. Methods: The characteristics of the modified
chitosan, namely, methylated N-(4-N,Ndimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan
(TM-Bz-CS), methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamyl) chitosan
(TM-CM-CS) and methylated N-(4-pyridinylmethyl) chitosan (TM-Py-CS),
with Eqiva degree (equivalent degree) were studied by in vitro
absorption enhancement on the transepithelial electrical resistance
(TEER) in Caco-2 cell monolayers as well as by in vivo adjuvant
activity against ovalbumin (OVA), a model antigen, via oral
administration to BALB/c mice. Results: At the same concentration and
pH (0.1 mg/ml, pH 7.4), TM65CM50CS exhibited the highest in vitro
enhancing paracellular permeability and also the highest in vivo
adjuvant activity following oral administration to mice. OVA-specific
serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels of mice that received OVA
in TM65CM50CS were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those that
received OVA in TM65CS, TM56Bz42CS and TM53Py40CS. On the other hand,
TM65CS and TM56Bz42CS exhibited in vitro enhancing paracellular
permeability but showed no immune responses, while TM53Py40CS failed to
enhance paracellular permeability and did not elicit immune responses
as well. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that addition of
hydrophobic moiety (dimethylaminocinnamyl) to CS backbone can increase
both its absorption enhancing property and adjuvant activity. The
chemical structure and the positive charge location play an important
role for binding affinity, absorption enhancement and immune responses