Comparison of two concentrations of isobaric intrathecal levobupivacaine for vaginal hysterectomy

This study was performed to compare the anesthetic efficacy and safety of two concentrations of local anesthetic agent levobupivacaine in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Forty-four patients of ASA I and II, were randomized to receive an intrathecal injection of one of two local anesthetic solutions. Each patient in Group A (n = 22) received 2 ml of isobaric levobupivacaine 5 mg/ml (10 mg) with 25 μg of fentanyl, while each patient in Group B (n = 22) received 4 ml of isobaric levobupivacaune 2.5 mg/ml (10 mg) with 25 μg of fentanyl. The onset and duration of sensory block at dermatome level T10, maximum upper spread of sensory block, time for two segment regression of sensory block as well as the onset, intensity and duration of motor block were recorded, as were any adverse effects, such as bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, and/or vomiting, etc. The onset of sensory block was similar in both the groups. The onset of motor block was significantly faster in group A compared with that in group B. The duration of sensory and motor blockade was of shorter duration in group B (P < 0.05). However, patients in group A required more use of a vasoactive drug (phenylephrine) compared with group B

Not Available

Not AvailableApplication of traditional knowledge is considered to be a simple and cost-effective way of immediate protection and well-being of living organisms in the society. However, the technique and its application differ across regions. The main objective of the study was to explore the indigenous techniques applied by the inhabitants of Banwar village, Madhya Pradesh, to protect the health of humans, crops and livestock through ethnomedicines. The investigation has been carried out by a team of trainee scientists inducted for National Agricultural Research System (NARS), India, during 2011-12. Snowball technique has been employed to select the respondents from Banwar. Observations recorded by Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in the village indicated different indigenous health practices employed by the villagers against various infections. Utilising locally available materials by applying traditional knowledge immensely helped to get immediate relief from the concerned problem. Further, the study revealed that the process is cost-effective, time bound and eco-friendly.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableApplication of traditional knowledge is considered to be a simple and cost-effective way of immediate protection and well-being of living organisms in the society. However, the technique and its application differ across regions. The main objective of the study was to explore the indigenous techniques applied by the inhabitants of Banwar village, Madhya Pradesh, to protect the health of humans, crops and livestock through ethnomedicines. The investigation has been carried out by a team of trainee scientists inducted for National Agricultural Research System (NARS), India, during 2011-12. Snowball technique has been employed to select the respondents from Banwar. Observations recorded by Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in the village indicated different indigenous health practices employed by the villagers against various infections. Utilising locally available materials by applying traditional knowledge immensely helped to get immediate relief from the concerned problem. Further, the study revealed that the process is cost-effective, time bound and eco-friendly.Not Availabl

Development of a set of SSR markers for genetic polymorphism detection and interspecific hybrid jute breeding

Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and C. olitorius (dark jute) are the two principal cultivated species of jute that produce natural bast fiber of commercial importance. We have identified 4509 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci from 34,163 unigene sequences of C. capsularis to develop a non-redundant set of 2079 flanking primer pairs. Among the SSRs, trinucleotide repeats were most frequent (60%) followed by dinucleotide repeats (37.6%). Annotation of the SSR-containing unigenes revealed their putative functions in various biological and molecular processes, including responses to biotic and abiotic signals. Eighteen expressed gene-derived SSR (eSSR) markers were successfully mapped to the existing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage map of jute, providing additional anchor points. Amplification of 72% of the 74 randomly selected primer pairs was successful in a panel of 24 jute accessions, comprising five and twelve accessions of C. capsularis and C. olitorius, respectively, and seven wild jute species. Forty-three primer pairs produced an average of 2.7 alleles and 58.1% polymorphism in a panel of 24 jute accessions. The mean PIC value was 0.34 but some markers showed PIC values higher than 0.5, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity and serve for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in jute. A primer polymorphism survey with parents of a wide-hybridized population between a cultivated jute and its wild relative revealed their efficacy for interspecific hybrid identification. For ready accessibility of jute eSSR primers, we compiled all information in a user-friendly web database, JuteMarkerdb (http://jutemarkerdb.icar.gov.in/) for the first time in jute. This eSSR resource in jute is expected to be of use in characterization of germplasm, interspecific hybrid and variety identification, and marker-assisted breeding of superior-quality jute

A Study of Molecular Signals Deregulating Mismatch Repair Genes in Prostate Cancer Compared to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

<div><p>Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among aging males. There is an unmet requirement of clinically useful biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer to reduce the liabilities of overtreatment and accompanying morbidity. The present population-based study investigates the factors disrupting expression of multiple functionally related genes of DNA mismatch repair pathway in prostate cancer patients to identify molecular attributes distinguishing adenocarcinoma from benign hyperplasia of prostate. Gene expression was compared between tissue samples from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia using real-time-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Assessment of genotypes of seven single-nucleotide-polymorphisms of three MMR genes was conducted using PCR-coupled RFLP and sequencing. Promoter methylation was interrogated by methylation-specific-PCR and bisulfite-sequencing. Interaction between microRNAs and MMR genes was verified by 3'UTR-based dual luciferase assays. Concurrent reduction of three MMR genes namely <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> (34-85%, P<0.05) was observed in prostate cancer tissues. <i>hMSH6</i> polymorphism rs1800932(Pro92Pro) conferred a borderline protection in cancer patients (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.15-0.75). Relative transcript level of <i>hMLH1</i> was inversely related (r = -0.59, P<0.05) with methylation quotient of its promoter which showed a significantly higher methylation density (P = 0.008, Z = -2.649) in cancer patients. hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-21 gene expressions were significantly elevated (66-85%, P<0.05) in tumor specimens and negatively correlated (r = -0.602 to -0.527, P<0.05) with that of MMR genes. hsa-miR-155 & hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-155 & hsa-miR-21 were demonstrated to bind to their putative seed sequences in <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH6</i> 3’UTRs respectively. Relatively higher expression of DNA methyl-transferases (<i>DNMT1</i> and <i>DNMT3b</i>) and <i>HIF-1α</i> genes (34-50%, P<0.05) were also detected in tumor tissues. This study provides statistical evidence that MMR deficiency is correlated with hypermethylation of <i>hMLH1</i> promoter and upregulation of hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-21 in prostate cancer. This comparative study reflects that microRNA expression level, particularly hsa-miR-155, exhibits predictive signature of prostate adenocarcinoma.</p></div

Promoter hypermethylation of MMR genes.

<p>(a) Diagram showing the <i>in silico</i> mapping of putative CpG islands in the promoter region of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> genes with position of forward and reverse primers demarcated as half arrows which were used in methylation assays. TSS indicates the transcriptional start site.(b) Gel photograph illustrating the methylation status of <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> promoter region CpG islands in prostate cancer and BPH tissues as determined by methylation-specific PCR in the left and right panels respectively. Primer sets for amplification were designated as unmethylated (U) and methylated (M).The presence of PCR product in lanes marked U indicates unmethylated <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i>; product in lanes marked M indicates hypermethylated <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i>. L indicates 100 bp plus ladder. (c) Distribution of methylation quotients [MQ = (logMLH1/ACTB) X1000] obtained from analyzing prostate cancer and BPH tissue DNAs using qMSP. The calibration curve was generated to determine quantitative accuracy of qMSP with five different dilutions of in vitro fully methylated DNA from normal healthy human lymphocytes.(d) Plot showing correlation between transcript levels of <i>hMLH1</i> (∆C_q) in prostate cancer tissue samples with methylation quotients corresponding <i>hMLH1</i> promoter. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and P values are indicated for each test. * indicates P <0.05.</p

MMR gene expression in cancer and benign hyperplasia of prostate glands.

<p>(a) Bar diagram showing decreased expression of transcripts of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> genes in prostate cancer tissues compared to that of BPH patients. 18S rRNA was used as endogenous control. * indicates P <0.05. (b) Fold differences of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> expression in each of 15 cancer tissue specimens with respect to population mean of ∆C_q estimate of the said gene in BPH tissues. (c) Upper panel: Plots showing correlation between transcript levels of <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> and <i>hMLH1</i> in prostate cancer. Lower panel: Plots showing correlation between transcript levels of <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> and <i>hMLH1</i> in BPH. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and P values are indicated for each test. * indicates P <0.05. (d) Upper panel: Representative result of Western blot for MMR proteins in cancer and benign tissue of prostate. β-Actin acted as endogenous control. Lower panel: Bar diagram showing difference in expression of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> at the protein level between BPH and prostate cancer tissue samples. Fold changes and statistical significance are indicated. * indicates P <0.05 and n indicates the number of samples. (e) Photomicrograph of representative prostate archival specimens immune-stained with antibodies against hMLH1, hMSH6 and hMSH2 at 400x magnification showing decreased expression of the MMR genes in prostate cancer tissues compared to benign hyperplastic tissues.</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study participants

<p>*P value significant at 0.05.</p><p>Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study participants</p

Interaction of MMR gene 3'UTRs with microRNAs.

<p>(a) Bar diagram illustrating positive 3'UTR activity of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH6</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> genes in HEPG2 cells following reporter gene assay. Fold changes were appended in the diagram. (*) indicates statistical significance of functionality of 3'UTR regions measured in terms of P value by t-test. (b) Entire 3'UTR region of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>hMSH2</i> and <i>hMSH6</i> were mapped for putative microRNA binding sites. The highlighted and boldfaced segments within the 3'UTR sequences represent the seed positions for the microRNAs. (c) Multiple alignments indicated that miR-155, miR-21 and miR-141 seed sequences are evolutionarily conserved across mammalian and non-mammalian species. (d) Normalized relative light units (RLU) in HEPG2 and PC3 cells were measured for <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH6</i> 3'-UTR constructs in pSiCHECK2 with (+) and without (-) the effect of microRNAs. Co-transfection of the pRNAU6.1 empty vector (+) with the 3'UTR-pSiCHECK2 constructs of <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH6</i> were set as 100% and percentage reduction in luciferase activity mediated by the three microRNAs were measured in relation to this was shown in the bar diagram. Statistical significance in terms of P values was measured with t-test. (*) indicates the statistical significance P<0.05. (e) Bar diagram showing upregulation of hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-155 and hsa-miR-141transcripts in prostate cancer tissues compared to that of BPH patients. * indicates P<0.05. (f) Heat map showing the combination of two dendrograms displayed above and to the right. The rows represent genes on the right of the figure. Individual patient sample is shown as columns. Color represents expression level of the gene. Red represents low expression, while green represents high expression. The expression levels are continuously mapped on the color scale provided at the bottom of the figure. The dendrograms show stratification of samples into two groups: BPH (B) and prostate cancer (P), based on gene expression.</p

Abstracts of 1st International Conference on Machine Intelligence and System Sciences

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Intelligence and System Sciences (MISS-2021) Organized by the Techno College of Engineering, Agartala, Tripura, India &amp; Tongmyong University, Busan, South Korea, held on 1–2 November 2021. This conference was intended to enable researchers to build connections between different digital technologies based on Machine Intelligence, Image Processing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Conference Title: 1st International Conference on Machine Intelligence and System SciencesConference Acronym: MISS-2021Conference Date: 1–2 November 2021Conference Location: Techno College of Engineering Agartala, Tripura(w), IndiaConference Organizer: Techno College of Engineering, Agartala, Tripura, India &amp; Tongmyong University, Busan, South Korea