Heat effects of dehydration of human serum albuminin hydrophilic organic solvents

A thermochemical model for describing the transfer of water from the protein phase to the organic solvent liquid phase and for determining how the solvation ability of organic solvents affects this process was developed. Enthalpy changes on the interaction of dried and hydrated human serum albumin (HSA) with hydrophilic organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, ethanol, methanol and acetic acid) and water were measured by isothermal calorimetry at 25°C. The initial hydration level of human serum albumin was varied in the entire water content range from 0-30% g water/g HSA. The dependence of the interaction enthalpies on the initial water content is complex. The interaction enthalpies of the dried HSA with organic solvents are exothermic. At low water contents (less than 0.1 g/g), there is a sharp increase in the interaction enthalpy values. At the highest water contents (more than 0.2 g/g), the interaction enthalpies are endothermic for acetic acid and formamide and exothermic for DMSO, methanol, and ethanol. These thermochemical data were analyzed in conjunction with the results for the water adsorption in organic solvents to calculate the molar enthalpies of dehydration of HSA in organic liquids. It was found that the dehydration enthalpy changes may be endothermic or exothermic depending on the initial water content and the water solvation enthalpy value. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that: (i) only the solvation of water by hydrophilic organic solvent determines the changes in the dehydration enthalpy values, and (ii) the data for the enthalpies of solvation of water by the solvent at infinite dilution reflect this effect. © Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Russian retail ESG transformations development

The article analyse the formation of the sustainable development paradigm and the ESG agenda in Russia. The activities of the largest Russian retailers: leaders in sustainable development and companies with a weaker position in this area is revealed. The relationship between the form of the company and its position in the ESG ratings has been noted. Thus, companies that are required to provide information publicly are higher in level than non-public ones. A characteristic feature of passing the ESG rating assessment is getting high scores in terms of the G-aspect and the E-aspect associated with the demands of the modern market. The authors recommended deepening activities in the field of sustainable development in terms of training employees in digital and environmental competencies, and to strengthen communication strategies regarding the ESG agenda of the largest retailers

Анализ причин поздней диагностики туберкулеза легких

A pilot study was designed to analyze causes of late diagnosis of lung tuberculosis and late start of the specific therapy. Thirty-eight inpatients with proven infiltrative lung tuberculosis were randomly involved in the study; they were city and rural dwellers of different age. A special questionnaire was developed to determine reasons of late diagnosis. An analysis of results obtained has shown that 8 patients, or 21 % were diagnosed at a scheduled large frame photofluorography, 30 % of the late diagnosed patients were not aware of their disease, 25 % of the females and 64 % of the maleswere self-treated. Primary care therapeutists were blamed for the late diagnosis in 33 % of the patients while failed to perform necessary investigations; the delay was 2 to 11 months.Было проведено пилотное исследование по анализу причин отсрочки установления диагноза туберкулез легких (ТЛ) и начала специфической терапии. Методом случайной выборки было взято 38 пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом инфильтративный ТЛ, проходивших курс стационарного лечения, жителей городской и сельской местности, различного возраста. Для установления причин отсрочки была разработана специальная анкета. Анализ порученных результатов показал, что у 8 пациентов (21 %) патология была выявлена при плановой ККФ. 30 % пациентов с отсрочкой диагноза не располагают информацией о туберкулезе, 25 % женщин и 64 % мужчин проводили самолечение. У 33 % обследованных отсрочка диагноза и начала лечения произошла по вине участкового терапевта, из-за невыполнения диагностического минимума обследования на туберкулез, она составила от 2 до 11 месяцев

Species substrate specificity of growth of lactobacilli isolated from vaginal biotope on culture medium with inclusions of different types of natural nanopolysaccharides

The article presents the research of substrate and prebiotic properties of natural nanopolysaccharides for several species of lactobacilli isolated from vaginal biotope of women, with assessment of their species combinations. Most of typeable lactobacilli species prefer to grow on media containing polysaccharides, mainly in nutrient broth supplemented with galactomannan and carageenan. Using galactomannan increases the frequency of detection, as compared with the isolation from the starting material, twice

Discrete structure of ultrathin dielectric films and their surface optical properties

The boundary problem of linear classical optics about the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a thin dielectric film has been solved under explicit consideration of its discrete structure. The main attention has been paid to the investigation of the near-zone optical response of dielectrics. The laws of reflection and refraction for discrete structures in the case of a regular atomic distribution are studied and the structure of evanescent harmonics induced by an external plane wave near the surface is investigated in details. It is shown by means of analytical and numerical calculations that due to the existence of the evanescent harmonics the laws of reflection and refraction at the distances from the surface less than two interatomic distances are principally different from the Fresnel laws. From the practical point of view the results of this work might be useful for the near-field optical microscopy of ultrahigh resolution.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, LaTeX2.09, to be published in Phys.Rev.

Факторы, снижающие дисциплину лечения у больных туберкулезом легких, и возможности повышения мотивации к лечению

The problem of lowering adherence to therapy in lung tuberculosis patients and abilities to enhance motivation to for treatment has not been highlighted in literature. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing the adherence to treatment in tuberculosis patients and abilities to enhance their motivation for treatment. A total sample of 72 inpatients with infiltrative and firbocavernous lung tuberculosis were involved. They were residents of Samara region aged 22 to 56 yrs. To investigate factors reducing adherence to therapy a special questionnaire consisting of 34 points has been created proposed by Samara military medical university. Statistic analysis was performed using SPSS programme, version 12.0. As a result, the most common factors reducing adherence to therapy in lung tuberculosis patients were adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs, financial problems, complications of the disease and fear of their appearance, painfulness of treatment procedures, tiredness of long treatment period and of hospital environment. To overcome the fear education of the patients is necessary. To reduce the emotional component and painfulness of some treatment procedures, manual and audiomethods could be helpful. Effective therapy, confidence in the attendant physician and full information of the disease could enhance motivation to treatment.Вопрос о факторах, снижающих дисциплину лечения больных туберкулезом, и возможностях повышения мотивации к лечению в литературе не отражен. Целью проведенного исследования явилось изучение факторов, снижающих дисциплину лечения больных туберкулезом и возможностей повышения мотивации к лечению. Было проведено обследование 72 больных с инфильтративным и фиброзно-кавернозным туберкулезом легких, находящихся на стационарном лечении, взятых методом сплошной выборки, жителей Самарской области, в возрасте от 22 до 56 лет. Для изучения факторов, снижающих дисциплину лечения больных туберкулезом, была разработана специальная анкета, состоящая из 34 утверждений (рационализаторское предложение Самарского военно-медицинского института). Статистическая обработка полученных результатов проводилась с помощью программы SPSS 12.0. Результаты показали, что наиболее частыми факторами, снижающими дисциплину лечения больных туберкулезом, являются: побочное действие противотуберкулезных препаратов, финансовые трудности, осложнения от лечения, болезненность процедур, усталость от длительного лечения и больничного окружения. Страх перед возможными осложнениями терапии, болезненность процедур также снижают дисциплину лечения. Для преодоления страха требуется разъяснительная работа с маловнушаемыми больными или прямое внушение тем пациентам, которые легко внушаемы. Для уменьшения эмоционального компонента боли, связанной с некоторыми процедурами, желательно применять разъяснение, внушение, а также мануальное и аудиовоздействие. Оценку собственного лечения как эффективного, доверие к лечащему врачу, стремление к информированности возможно использовать для повышения мотивации к лечению

Problems of personnel irradiation in modern medical technologies

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of radiation sources in medical practice (cardio-endovascular surgery, endoscopy, traumatology, urology, neurosurgery, dentistry, and radioisotope diagnostics departments) leads to irradiation of the lens of the eye and the skin of the hands. The introduction of new recommendations by the IAEA to reduce the limit of the annual equivalent dose to the lens (20 mSv) has led to an inaccurate dose assessment based on the effective dose. AIM: To analyze approaches and assess equivalent doses of irradiation of the lens of the eye and skin of the hands of medical personnel during various diagnostic studies under the influence of X-rays and radiopharmaceuticals studies and to compare the results obtained with previously published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thermo-luminescent dosimetry was used. Dose assessment was performed by cardio-endovascular surgery, endoscopy, isotope diagnostics, dentistry, and urology personnel. RESULTS: The estimated annual equivalent doses to the lens of the eye for doctors of cardio-endovascular surgery departments, in most cases, ranging 3590 mSv, 619 mSv for the average medical staff (in some cases, the doctor [225 mSv] and the nurse [180 mSv]) and 4.59 mSv for the staff of the department of radioisotope diagnostics. The annual calculated equivalent doses to the skin of the hands for cardio-endovascular surgery personnel were 17100 and 24220 mSv for the staff working with radiopharmaceuticals. It is shown that the use of an estimate of the average dose per operation by cardio-endovascular surgery doctors, as a rule, inevitably leads to an excess of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye after a certain number of operations. CONCLUSION: When a certain number of operations are exceeded (100200), equivalent doses to the eyes lens in cardio-endovascular surgery doctors above 20 mSv per year can be formed. At current radiation levels, a lesion of the eyes lens was found in a cardio-endovascular surgery doctor. The results indicate the need for further dosimetric measurements and epidemiological studies, based on which recommendations for radiation protection of the eyes lens and the skin of the hands of medical personnel working in low-intensity, scattered, gamma X-ray radiation can be developed

HEMITSELLYULOZA AND THEIR NANOBIOCOMPOSITES - PERSPECTIVE NANOSTRUCTURED SINBIOTICS

Natural nanocomposites hemicellulose arabinogalactan and flavonoids isolated (from Siberian larch) and characterized. Additionally nitro- and sulfo-esters of arabinogalactan and its calcium salt are synthesized and. characterized. All of the derivatives of the beta-hemicellulose arabinogalactan. are water-soluble and are promising prebiotics on the example test-strain Bifidobacterium bifidum. (except for the nitrate esters of arabinogalactan)