Separation Of Organic Acids And Lignin Fraction From Bio-Oil And Use Of Lignin Fraction In Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesive Resin

Bio-oil produced from biomass by the fast pyrolysis method is promising as a renewable fuel and as sources of industrial chemicals. In this study, lower cost separation methods of organic acids such as acetic and formic acids and pyrolytic lignin fraction present in bio-oil were investigated to provide basic data needed for future industrial production procedures. The calcium oxide method and a quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resin method were studied to separate organic acids as respective salts and the methanol-and-water method was studied to separate the water-insoluble pyrolytic lignin fraction. The calcium oxide and anion-exchange methods were shown to be effective in separation of organic acids, although further improvements would be needed. The pyrolytic lignin separation method was also shown to give lignin fraction that is effective for up to 40% replacement of phenol in the oriented strand board core-layer binder PF resins

Separation Of Organic Acids And Lignin Fraction From Bio-Oil And Use Of Lignin Fraction In Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesive Resin

Bio-oil produced from biomass by the fast pyrolysis method is promising as a renewable fuel and as sources of industrial chemicals. In this study, lower cost separation methods of organic acids such as acetic and formic acids and pyrolytic lignin fraction present in bio-oil were investigated to provide basic data needed for future industrial production procedures. The calcium oxide method and a quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resin method were studied to separate organic acids as respective salts and the methanol-and-water method was studied to separate the water-insoluble pyrolytic lignin fraction. The calcium oxide and anion-exchange methods were shown to be effective in separation of organic acids, although further improvements would be needed. The pyrolytic lignin separation method was also shown to give lignin fraction that is effective for up to 40% replacement of phenol in the oriented strand board core-layer binder PF resins

Optimization of Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Membrane Filtration Processes of Various Feedstocks to Isolate Hemicelluloses for Biopolymer Applications

Hemicelluloses (HC) are the second most abundant plant polysaccharides after cellulose, constituting 25-30% of plant materials. In spite of their abundance, HC are not effectively utilized. Recently, considerable interest has been directed to HC-based biomaterials because of their high oxygen barrier properties, which has potential in food packaging applications. In this study, HC were extracted from sugarcane bagasse and southern yellow pine using a hydrothermal technique which utilizes hot compressed water without catalyst. The parameters affecting the yield of extracted HC such as temperature, time and pressure, were tested and optimized. Eighty four percent of xylose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse at the optimum condition, 180 °C 30 min and 1 MPa pressure. In the case of southern yellow pine, 79% of the mannose was extracted at 190 °C for 10 min and 2 MPa pressure. Concentration and isolation of HC from bagasse and southern yellow pine HC extract were performed by membrane filtration and freeze drying systems. Isolated HC were characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR techniques and used as a starting material for film preparation. Films were prepared in 0/100, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30 and 80/20% ratios of HC and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Thirty five percent of sorbitol (w/w of HC and CMC weight) was also added as a plasticizer. Films were evaluated by measuring water absorption, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile property and oxygen barrier capability. At 55% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C the water absorption of both sugarcane bagasse and southern yellow pine HC-based films tended to increase as HC content increased. The lowest WVP of sugarcane bagasse (3.84e-12 g/Pa h m) and southern yellow pine HC films (2.18e-12 g/Pa h m) were determined in 60/40 HC/CMC films. Tensile test results showed that as HC content increases the Young’s modulus decreases, deflection at maximum load and percentage of strain at break increase. It implies that the film properties are changing from stiff to elastic. The oxygen permeability for 60/40 bagasse HC/CMC film was 0.005265 cc μm / (m2 day kPa) and for 70/30 pine HC/CMC film was 0.007570 cc μm /(m2 day kPa)

The Effects of Model Aromatic Lignin Compounds On Growth and Lipid Accumulation of \u3ci\u3eRhodococcus rhodochrous\u3c/i\u3e

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant and renewable organic materials in the world. The lignocellulosic complex is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be pretreated to release sugars that can be utilized for microbial production of valued metabolites. Oleaginous microbes can accumulate over 20% of their cell dry weight as lipids, which are stored as intracellular energy reserves. The characterization of oleaginous bacteria creates opportunities for the development of alternative feedstocks and technologies. Rhodococcus rhodochrous is a bacterium recently determined to be oleaginous when grown in glucose-supplemented media. The purpose of this study was to evaluate model lignin phenolic compounds as substrates for lipid accumulation. Lipid accumulation in R. rhodochrous was evaluated using phenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and vanillic acid (VA) as model lignin compounds with and without glucose as a co-substrate. Cell dry weight increased in all treatments, indicating that growth was not impaired in these conditions. However, alterations were observed in the amount of lipids produced. Dry cell weight and lipids were analyzed daily. R. rhodochrous accumulated over 40% of its cell dry weight as lipids when grown in glucose with HBA and VA, but less than 20% when grown in HBA and VA alone. When grown in phenol and glucose, R. rhodochrous accumulated 35% of its dry weight at lipids, but did not accumulate lipids when grown in phenol alone. These data indicate that R. rhodochrous may have the capability to tolerate and utilize lignin-like aromatic compounds for lipid accumulation