Potensi Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Minyak Kelapa dengan Pengisi Kaolin sebagai Media Pembersih Najis Mughallazah

Qur'an explains najis mughallazah be purified using water as much as 7 times and one of which uses the ground. The addition of clay to the soap helps remove impure DNA attached to the surface of the skin. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an increase in the amount of kaolin and reaction temperature on water content and hardness of soap; determine whether the soap formulas meet the quality requirements of SNI and determine whether the soap formula capable of eliminating the derivatives pig DNA using PCR analysis method. The reaction was designed in 4 reaction temperatures (50ºC - 80ºC), the consistency of kaolin (10% - 20%), 35% NaOH concentration, reaction time 10 minutes and the stirring speed of 250 rpm. The results showed that all variations meet SNI standards. The best results were obtained in 15%; 50ºC and 17.5%; 60ºC. First, rinse the soap can eliminate DNA smeared unclean human hands. DNA washing using water and soap shows the remaining conventional PCR DNA electrophoresis. Kaolin solid soap formulation produced may eliminate DNA and meet the standard SNI 06-3532-2016

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA (Cocos Nucifera L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST

In this research, the combustion process was performed conventionally by burning the dried coconut peel of 10 kg in a covered combustion barrel, equipped with a gauge thermometer and having been perforated for the oxygen entrance space for 3 hours with a combustion temperature ranging 500oC and produced ash of coconut peel as much as 1 kg. Extraction was performed by mixing biphasic system between coconut peel ash and aquadest solvent at stirring rate of 250 rpm, variation of time are 40 minutes, 80 minutes, 120 minutes, and 160 minutes with temperatures of 60oC and 80oC. Ash mass ratio: solvent are 5:50, 10:50, 15:50, and 20:50. Results showed that the geater the mass, temperature and extraction time, the higher concentration and pH of alkali extract will be obtained. The concentration and pH of the highest alkali extract were obtained at the ratio of the ash mass: the solvent was 20:50 for the extraction time of 160 minutes at a temperature of 80°C those are 0.775 N and 13

PERFORMANCE OF FP 200 PVDF MEMBRANE EQUIPMENT IN POLYPHENOL PURIFICATION FROM PINK GUAVA JUICE WASTE

Juice processing plants, such as pink guava, still contain substances that have economic value such as anti-oxidant polyphenols. The polyphenols recovery process is carried out using a membrane separation FP 200 PVDF type, by reason of the membrane separation process without using heat to avoid damage from the polyphenols structure. The duration of the recovery process affects the performance of flow rate of the membrane, there is a decrease in the flow rate of 0.033 ml/min for the process in TMP 1 bar and 0.038 ml/min and 0.044 ml/min for TMP 2 and 3 bars respectively. Cleaning is done to improve membrane performance, cleaning using HNO3 is more effective than just using clean water. The process of recovery of polyphenols was carried out at 1 bar TMP and resulting 54% recovery of polyphenols. After the cleaning process % recovery of polyphenols decreases compared to the results of the first recovery. SEM shows the absorption of polyphenols and other contaminants in the pores of the membrane, thus affecting the performance of the membran

PEMBUATAN SABUN TRANSPARAN BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTIOKSIDAN

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of alkali concentration and the amount of added morinda citrifolia toward the formed of soap product. This study begins with maserating the noni fruit with ethanol. Then the making of transparent solid soap was made in the saponification process with a fixed variable oil volume of 70 ml, reaction temperature of 80 ° C and stirring time of 60 minutes. Whereas for the independent variables alkaline solution concentrations were 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, the amount of noni extract 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g. The responses observed were water content, acidity (pH), saponification number, free alkali, free fatty acid, foam stability, surface tension and antioxidant activity. The best results were obtained at 26% alkaline concentration and 30 g of noni extract with a moisture content of 24,10%, 0% free alkali content, pH 9,0, free fatty acid content 0,480%, saponification 200 mg / g, surface tension 29,70 dyne / cm, foam stability 81% and antioxidant activity of 153,85 0µg / µL

MASERASI ALKALI DARI BATANG PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST

The purpose of this research is to determine the time of alkali absorption from banana stem in semibatch and batch. In this study maceration maseration is a leaching process used to obtain the time required for solvent to absorb alkali in banana stem ash. While the batch system maseration is a leaching process used to obtain the time required for the solvent to reach saturation point (stop absorbing). Data collection techniques in this research are: sample preparation and drying of banana stem, banana stalking process banana stem, brazing ash process of banana stem in semibatch and batch, and determination of alkaline content by titration method. From result of research can be concluded that banana stem potentially serve as source of alkali because potassium (K2O) and sodium (Na2O) content in banana ash sticks respectively 36,19% and 13,99%. Water content and yield of banana ash sticks were 78.6% and 17.7%, respectively. The time for the semibatch system is obtained in 72 hours, while for the batch system was obtained in 12 days. Normalities of alkali extracts in semibatch and batch maceration still increased. Where in the ratio of banana stem ash/solvent is 1 gram / 25 ml; 2 gram / 25 ml; 3 gram / 25 ml; and 4 gram / 25 ml respectively had a normality value that still increased from 0.219 N to 0.567 N; 0.407 N to 0.891 N; 0.578 N to 1,315 N; and 0.819 N to 1,345 N. The highest permeated alkali yield was obtained ratio (banana stem ash/ solvent) 1 gram / 25 ml of 52.37%

PEMBUATAN SABUN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra) SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reaction time and temperature toward the formed of soap product. This study begins by drying the skin of cotton and burning to gain the ash of cotton fruit skin. The combustion is done by using muffle furnace at 500 oC for 3 hours. Then, extraction is done on ash by using aquadest with a ration 1:3 to obtain alkali. This alkali will be used with cooking oil from palm in saponification process with fixed volume variable oil of 30 ml, velocity of stirring is 250 rpm, and oil volume : alkali volume  1:2 (ml). Whereas for the free variable  are reaction temperature at  60­ oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, stirring time at 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes. The observed responses are density, acidity (pH), saponification number and free alkali. The best results were obtained at 80 °C and stirring time of 120 minutes with a density of 1.34 gr / ml, pH 9.1, saponification number of 200.349 and a 0.07% free alkali content

EKSTRAKSI KALIUM DARI KULIT BUAH KAPUK (Ceiba petandra)

The purpose of this study was to determine the best  of combustion time and temperature of ash production from kapok fruit peel ( Ceiba Petandra ) to get the most potassium. The experiment was begun to dry kapok  fruit peel for 24 hours at oven with temperature 110 oC and combustion to obtaine the ash from kapok fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from  3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours and burning temperature variables were from, 500 oC, 550 oC,600 oC, 650oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume 30 ml  for 24 hours. Observed responses were normality, pH, ash content,  and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 3 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 35.91 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result

LEACHING KALIUM DARI ABU KULIT COKLAT (Theobroma cacao L.) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AIR

Recently much attention has been dedicated to generate of useful chemicals from biomass, such as potassium alkali from cacao husk. This potassium can be used as sources of alkali for soap manufacturing. The cacao husks were treated by leaching using water as a solvent to produce alkali potash. First step, the cacao husks and then were dried at 105 ºC for 24 hours. The dried of cacao husk was crashed using ball mill and resulting husk powder were burned in a furnace at 600 ºC for 6 hours and resulting the husk ash powder. The husk ash powder mass variables used in this leaching process were 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g and the leaching time variables were 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Meanwhile the leaching temperature variables were 45 ºC, 55 ºC and 65 ºC. The best temperature condition in this process was 65 ºC and leaching time 60 minutes, with the result of potash concentration was 1,01 N and the amount of potash as a potassium hydroxide is 39,91% was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscop (AAS)

Potensi Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Minyak Kelapa dengan Pengisi Bentonit sebagai Media Pembersih Najis Mughallazah

Najis mughallazah is excrement which comes from pigs which earthen soap can use to purify it.  Method to purify unclean that is necessary to use water seven times and the addition of bentonite to soap is expected to be able to remove unclean Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) that is located on the surface of human skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of bentonite filler and the reaction temperature on the quality of soap, knowing whether the soap formula meets the SNI quality requirements and knowing whether the soap formula can remove Pig DNA residues using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analytical method. In this study, the operation conditions were designed at the reaction temperature (50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC and 80 oC), bentonite consistency (10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20%), 35% NaOH concentration, reaction time 10 minutes and stirring speed 250 rpm. The analyzes carried out in this study include analysis of water content, free alkaline content, free fatty acid content and PCR method. The best results were obtained for 15% (70 °C) soap that had soap hardness characteristics close to conventional soap and 17.5% (50 °C) soap with the characteristics of soap that could remove najis mughallazah. The resulting solid bentonite soap formula meets the SNI 3523: 2016 standard and can eliminate mughallazah unclean