A fluid dynamic analysis of the blast furnace trough at Tata Steel

The non-drainable trough of 'F' blast furnace at Tata Steel has been fluid dynamically simulated by solving the Navier-Stokes equation in order to predict the velocity field near the trough bed along with other field properties so as to focus on the locations of surface wear on the trough bed. For this purpose a total length of 3.64 m, the mast wear prone zone, of the entire trough has been taken in to considerations for modeling. The modeling zone or the computational domain consists of the skimmer plate, iron dam and some portion of the runner. The modeled portion of the trough has always higher wear compared to other locations on the trough so a fluid dynamic analysis has been done for the liquid metal in this particular portion of the trough. Turbulence present in the velocity field has been taken into considerations by imbedding the K-e turbulent model to the parent differential equations for the velocity field. The entire set of partial differ-ential equations (two for the velocities, one for contin-uity and one each for the turbulent quantities k and e) have been solved by employing a strongly non-uniform stagg-ered grid through Phoenics. The predicted velocity field reveals a strong recirculation zone just behind the skimmer plate and comparatively high shear stress just after the iron dam (at the beginning of the runner). The inclination of the iron dam has been-varied starting from 90° to 35°. It has been observed that for a 35° iron dam the predicted maximum shear stress on the trough bed has a much lower value than that of the 90° iron dam. From this analysis it has been concluded that the value of the maximum shear stress on the trough bed is an important parameter contributing to the amount of refractory wear and the location of the maximum shear stress signifies the weakest zone on the trough bed which is vulnerable to wear caused by fluid shear. It has also been noticed that the present analysis has offered many qualitative trends which are in agreement with the plant observations

ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS OF TWO GAS- TURBINE PLANTS WITH NAPHTHA AND NAPHTHA-RFG MIXTURE AS FUELS

To enhance sustainability of any energy system exergy based sustainability indicators (exergy efficiency, waste exergy ratio, environmental effect factor and exergetic sustainability index) are used. In the present paper sustainability aspects of two GT based power plant are carried out using sustainability indicators. For this purpose, two GT1) configurations, case A (Naphtha based GT power plant) and case B (Naphtha-Residual fuel gas mixture GT 2) are taken up as case study. Results show that exergetic sustainability index obtained as for case A is higher as compared to case B

A review of process intensified CO2 capture in RPB for sustainability and contribution to industrial net zero

Carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant greenhouse gas released from power plants and industries, substantially impacts climate change; minimizing it and achieving carbon net zero is essential globally. In the direction of reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, post-combustion carbon capture from large point CO2 emitters by chemical absorption involving the absorption of this gas in a capturing fluid is a commonly used and efficacious mechanism. Researchers have worked on the process using conventional columns. However, process intensification technology is required because of the high capital cost, the absorption column height, and the traditional columns’ low energy efficiency. Rotating packed bed (RPB) process intensification equipment has been identified as a suitable technology for enhanced carbon capture using an absorbing fluid. This article reviews and discusses recent model developments in the post-combustion CO2 capture process intensification using rotating packed beds. In the literature, various researchers have developed steady-state mathematical models regarding mass balance and energy balance equations in gas and liquid phases using ordinary or partial differential equations. Due to the circular shape, the equations are considered in a radial direction and have been solved using a numerical approach and simulated using different software platforms, viz. MATLAB, FORTRAN, and gPROMS. A comparison of various correlations has been presented. The models predict the mole fraction of absorbed CO2 and correspond well with the experimental results. Along with these models, an experimental data review on rotating packed bed is also included in this work

Understanding of MILD Combustion Characteristics of NH3 Air Flames in N2 And H2O Steam Diluted Environment at Atmospheric Pressure

Ammonia is becoming increasingly popular as a carbon-neutral fuel with zero carbon dioxide emissions. However, a significant hurdle lies in its combustion, which leads to substantial emissions of NOx. The current research involves conducting a chemical kinetic investigation to examine the characteristics of Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) or Moderate combustion in ammonia (NH3)/air flames. This study is carried out under specific conditions, such as oxygen concentrations ranging from 11to 23%, premixed reactant temperatures between 1300 and 1700 K, and a pressure of one atmosphere. The study focuses on investigating the combustion characteristics of MILD using dilution with H2O and N2.With the rise in the inlet temperature of the premixed reactant, the peak temperature of the flame also rises. Moreover, flames diluted with H2O exhibit lower peak temperatures compared to flames diluted with N2.Flames diluted with H2O result in lower NOx emissions compared to flames diluted with N2. Additionally, for N2diluted flames, the exit NOx emissions rise as the oxygen concentration increases.Despite this, NOx emissions from H2Odiluted flames demonstrate non-monotonic behaviour.This means that the exit NOx increases initially as the oxygen concentration reaches 21%, but then begins to decrease. In contrast to N2and H2Odiluted flames exhibits a wider regime of no-ignition.Moreover, the rise in peak temperature in H2Odiluted flames is less apparent than in N2diluted flames, corresponding to broader ranges MILD combustion ranges.Furthermore, to attain MILD combustion in H2O diluted flames at a specific O2 concentration, the temperature of reactant needs to be higher than that required for N2diluted flames. &nbsp

A Comprehensive Review on Audio based Musical Instrument Recognition: Human-Machine Interaction towards Industry 4.0

Over the last two decades, the application of machine technology has shifted from industrial to residential use. Further, advances in hardware and software sectors have led machine technology to its utmost application, the human-machine interaction, a multimodal communication. Multimodal communication refers to the integration of various modalities of information like speech, image, music, gesture, and facial expressions. Music is the non-verbal type of communication that humans often use to express their minds. Thus, Music Information Retrieval (MIR) has become a booming field of research and has gained a lot of interest from the academic community, music industry, and vast multimedia users. The problem in MIR is accessing and retrieving a specific type of music as demanded from the extensive music data. The most inherent problem in MIR is music classification. The essential MIR tasks are artist identification, genre classification, mood classification, music annotation, and instrument recognition. Among these, instrument recognition is a vital sub-task in MIR for various reasons, including retrieval of music information, sound source separation, and automatic music transcription. In recent past years, many researchers have reported different machine learning techniques for musical instrument recognition and proved some of them to be good ones. This article provides a systematic, comprehensive review of the advanced machine learning techniques used for musical instrument recognition. We have stressed on different audio feature descriptors of common choices of classifier learning used for musical instrument recognition. This review article emphasizes on the recent developments in music classification techniques and discusses a few associated future research problems

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Not AvailableBalanced treatment incomplete block (BTIB) designs are quite popular for comparing test versus a single control treatment. In this article, we extend the class of BTIB designs by introducing nearly BTIB designs. Nearly BTIB designs can act as a useful alternative to BTIB designs when the latter is not available for a given parametric combination. An algorithm is proposed to construct nearly BTIB designs and a list of such designs is also provided in a practically useful parametric range.Not Availabl

Role of big data in Agriculture-A Statistical Prospective

Not AvailableData are playing an important role making good planning and policies for agricultural growth and development. Population growth and climate change are worldwide trends that are increasing the importance of using big data science to improve agriculture. Add to that land degradation increasing marginal land and loss of biodiversity are better deals with study of big data science. Crop data can be break down into bits and bytes it will give better study about the crop development by using advance data analytics tools for betterment of agriculture. Here, talk about some important tools and techniques to handle and study the big data

Electrical conductivity based algorithm for precise application of liquid nitrogenous fertilizers

Precise application of nitrogenous fertilizers mainly urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and granular urea (both pure and neem-coated) in aqueous form, is critically important for basal and foliar applications. The physicochemical properties of aqueous solution of these nitrogenous fertilizers plays important role in design of any liquid fertilizer application system. The study was carried out during 2019–20 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an aim to develop algorithms for use in sensors-based systems for real time monitoring of available N concentration in the fertilizer solution before its application. The physicochemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), specific gravity (SG), dynamic viscosity (DV), surface tension (ST) and percentage light absorbance (LA) of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN-28%), pure urea, and neem coated urea in diluted form (pre-selected N-concentrations i.e. 0.78, 0.9, 1.08, 1.33, 1.75, 2.54 and 4.67% corresponding to the dilution ratios of 1:35, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:10 and 1:05) were measured and analyzed for their significance with N-concentration. Electrical conductivity (EC) alone showed a significant relationship with N-concentrations. Prediction models were developed for diluted UAN and granular urea fertilizers based on the EC and N-concentrations. The regression models in terms of EC to predict N-concentration had coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999 for diluted UAN, pure urea, and neem coated urea with water, respectively showed a great potential for their sensor based precise application. The controlled application of diluted liquid fertilizers with water can be achieved through sensing relevant physicochemical property