Surface marker expression in placenta-derived stem cells derived from each layer of placenta at passage 3.

<p>Surface marker expression in placenta-derived stem cells derived from each layer of placenta at passage 3.</p

Gene expression based on RT-PCR analysis.

<p>(A) Adipogenic differentiation, (B) Chondrogenic differentiation, and (C) Osteogenic differentiation. Lanes 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13: undifferentiated; Lanes 2,4,6,8,10 and 12: induced for differentiation. Housekeeping gene GAPDH was amplified to check the integrity of synthesized cDNA.</p

Relative quantification of cells from different layers of a full-term placenta to assess adipogenic (A), chondrogenic (B), and osteogenic (C) differentiation potentials.

<p>*, **, ***, <i>P</i> < 0.05, <i>P</i> < 0.005, and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively.</p

Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to exposure to antenatal corticosteroid therapy.

<p>Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to exposure to antenatal corticosteroid therapy.</p

Proliferation of cells from different layers taken from a full-term placenta.

<p>(A) Relative quantification of CFU-F activity. (B) Growth rate from passages 2 to 6. (C) Proliferation doubling time from passage 2 to passage 6. (D) Cumulative population doubling. *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; **, P < 0.005.</p

Culture of placental-derived stem cells from each layer at passage 0 and at the last passages.

<p>Scale bar: 50 μm. There were differences in the maximal number of passages in each specific layer where MSCs were derived. There was a tendency of longer maximum passages for mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the whole placenta (Pla-MSCs) but shorter maximum passages for mesenchymal stem cells isolated from AE among MSCs derived from specific layers of a single placenta. Pla-MSCs showed the largest variation in the maximum number of passages compared to MSCs from specific layers.</p

Neonatal outcome according to exposure to antenatal corticosteroid therapy.

<p>Neonatal outcome according to exposure to antenatal corticosteroid therapy.</p

Neonatal outcomes according to gestational age at birth.

<p>Neonatal outcomes according to gestational age at birth.</p

Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to gestational age at birth.

<p>Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to gestational age at birth.</p

Comparison of changes in etiologic microorganisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis between preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes

<div><p></p><p><i>Objective</i>: To investigate changes in the etiologic microorganisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in preterm labor (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) cases over the past 16 years and to analyze the associated factors.</p><p><i>Methods</i>: We included consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered before 34 weeks due to PTL or pPROM. The etiologic microorganisms causing EONS in PTL and pPROM cases were compared between period 1 (1996–2004) and period 2 (2005–2012).</p><p><i>Results</i>: There was no difference in the incidence of Gram-positive bacteria causing EONS between period 1 and 2, either in PTL (2.0% versus 2.1%, <i>p</i> = 1.0) or in pPROM (1.5% versus 1.6%, <i>p</i> = 1.0). However, the incidence of EONS caused by Gram-negative bacteria was significantly increased in pPROM (0.6% versus 2.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.040) during period 2, compared to period 1; but not in PTL (0.3% versus 1.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.211). Multivariable analysis revealed that a prolonged ROM-to-delivery interval (>7 d) was significantly associated with EONS caused by Gram-negative bacteria in pPROM (odds ratio: 6.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–31.8, <i>p</i> = 0.018).</p><p><i>Conclusions</i>: The etiologic microorganisms causing EONS have changed over the past 16 years in pPROM cases but not in PTL cases.</p></div