PENERAPAN TEKNIK BERKIRIM SALAM DAN SOAL UNTUK KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA JERMAN SISWA KELAS XI MIPA I SMAN 3 SIDOARJO

Kata Kunci   : Teknik Berkirim Salam dan Soal, Keterampilan Berbicara, siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMAN 3 Sidoarjo.          Keterampilan berbicara adalah keterampilan yang terpenting dalam pembelajaran suatu bahasa. Untuk menguasai keterampilan berbicara ini guru membutuhkan teknik alternativ yaitu Teknik Berkirim Salam dan Soal. Teknik berkirim salam dan soal merupakan salah satu teknik dalam pembelajaran kooperatif. Dengan teknik ini siswa bisa melatih keterampilan berbicara mereka.          Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Bagaimana penerapan Teknik Berkirim Salam dan Soal untuk Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Jerman Siswa Kelas XI MIPA I sman 3 Sidoarjo?.” Tujuan penelitian ini adalah “ Untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan teknik berkirim salam dan soal untuk keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas XI MIPA SMAN 3 Sidoarjo. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah deskripstif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan angket terhadap hasil kerja siswa.          Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa tidak takut berbicara dalam bahasa Jerman.Hasil observasi aktivitas siswa meningkat pada setiap pertemuan dengan presentas 65,6% pada pertemuan pertama, 46,9% pada pertemuan kedua,65,6% pada pertemuan ketiga dan 75% pada pertemuan keempat.. Sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa frekuensi aktivitas siswa yang muncul pada setiap pertemuan mengalami peningkatan. Pendapat para siswa tentang penerapan Teknik Berkirim Salam dan Soal juga positif dan menyenangkan, ditunjang dengan hasil tes berbicara memuaskan dan menunjang hasil angket

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption (MALDI), a versatile tool for the characterization of Dendrimers

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique used in modern day chemistry to analyze polymers with high precision and speed. This technique does not require any polymer standard for mass calibration (as in the case of gel – permeation chromatography GPC). Protocols require only minimum amounts of solvent and consumables. Measurements of the masses of individual oligomers facilitate the determination of masses of monomers and end groups. This overview discusses the application and use of MALDI for the determination of molecular mass distribution of oligomers and end groups. However, biomolecules and other polymers with a polydispersity index (PDI) greater than 1.2 are not suitable candidates for this analysis owing to signal intensity discrimination against higher mass oligomers

Allogeneic chimerism with low-dose irradiation, antigen presensitization, and costimulator blockade in H-2 mismatched mice

We have previously shown that the keys to high-level nontoxic chimerism in syngeneic models are stem cell toxic, nonmyelotoxic host treatment as provided by 100-cGy whole-body irradiation and relatively high levels of marrow stem cells. This approach was unsuccessful in H-2 mismatched B6.SJL to BALB/c marrow transplants, but with tolerization, stable multilineage chimerism was obtained. Ten million B6.SJL spleen cells were infused intravenously into BALB/c hosts on day -10 and (MR-1) anti-CD40 ligand monoclonal antibody (mAb) injected intraperitoneally at varying levels on days -10, -7, -3, 0, and +3 and the BALB/c mice irradiated (100 cGy) and infused with 40 million B6.SJL/H-2 mismatched marrow cells on day 0. Stable multilineage chimerism at levels between 30% to 40% was achieved in the great majority of mice at 1.6 mg anti-CD40 ligand mAb per injection out to 64 weeks after transplantation, without graft-versus-host disease. The transplanted mice were also tolerant of donor B6.SJL, but not third-party CBA/J skin grafts at 8 to 9 and 39 to 43 weeks after marrow transplantation. These data provide a unique model for obtaining stable partial chimerism in H-2 mismatched mice, which can be applied to various clinical diseases of man such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and autoimmune disorders

グローバリゼーション カ ノ タイワン バイリンガル コッカ セイサク

批判的社会言語学の現在論

タイワン ザイジュウ ガイコクジン ニ ムケタ タゲンゴ ヒョウジ タイチュウ トウキョウ ヒロバ ノ チョウサ カラ

批判的社会言語学の深

Role of Rho Kinase in Microvascular Damage Following Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Rho kinase (ROCK) is a well-known downstream effector of Rho and plays an important role in various physiopathological processes. In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between ROCK and microvascular damage in rat brain subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the microvascular damage. ROCK and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) mRNA levels were determined by real time quantitative PCR, Laminin was detected by immunofluorescence and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability was examined by Evans Blue (EB) in rat MCAO models. We observed similar patterns of changes in ROCK expression, brain EB content, and Laminin expression at different time points after brain ischemia. Statistical analysis further confirmed a significant linear correlation of ROCK expression with the onset of microvascular damage in brain. Furthermore, the ROCK inhibitor fasudil decreased brain EB content but increased Laminin expression. These results provide strong evidence that ROCK mediates microvascular damage. In addition, we found that fasudil could significantly inhibit MMP9 expression induced by ischemia. Thus, our findings suggest that ROCK promotes microvascular damage by upregulating MMP9 and reveal ROCK as a promising therapeutic target for stroke

Knowledge transfer techniques for dynamic environments

The expense involved in obtaining class labels for data has led to the emergence of semi-supervised learning techniques which try to make use of both the labeled and the unlabeled data to obtain classifiers with better generalization capabilities. Most existing semi-supervised methods assume that the unlabeled data have the same underlying distribution as the training data. However, data acquired for actual problems often suffer from population drift over time or space, and consequently classifiers learned from existing labeled data tend to become obsolete over time or extended geographic areas. In this dissertation, semi-supervised techniques are considered for updating existing classifiers, while allowing for the possibility of population drift in the incoming data. The proposed techniques make use of meta-information that is not explicitly provided by the data to aid in semi-supervision. First, a framework that exploits the contextual information in an existing hierarchical binary classifier is presented to rapidly construct a new classifier for a new but related classification problem. The knowledge transfer technique is augmented with active learning to efficiently update the classifier using far fewer data points than simple semi-supervised methods. The proposed technique is shown to be well-suited for adapting classifiers, even when there is a significant difference between the labeled and unlabeled data. The knowledge transfer approach detailed in this thesis assumes the existence of a pre-defined hierarchy of classes. However, it is possible that several different class hierarchies are defined or obtained for the same domain. A maximum likelihood framework is proposed for integrating available hierarchies into a single ‘master hierarchy’. The taxonomy integration method is shown to result in more natural mappings between existing taxonomies compared to alternative approaches that do not exploit the class hierarchy information. A technique that automatically generates n-ary class hierarchies is also presented. The n-ary trees are shown to better reflect the inter-class relationships and are in general more effective for knowledge transfer than binary trees. Focusing on the domain of hyperspectral data, the efficacy of the new techniques is evaluated for the problem of classifying spatially/temporally varying hyperspectral images. The empirical results clearly demonstrate the utility of exploiting ‘contextual’ information for the problem of knowledge transfer in dynamic environments.Electrical and Computer Engineerin