A power of a meromorphic function sharing two small functions with a derivative of the power

summary:In connection to a conjecture of W. Lü, Q. Li and C. Yang (2014), we prove a result on small function sharing by a power of a meromorphic function with few poles with a derivative of the power. Our results improve a number of known results

THE VALUE OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPs) IN PROMOTING INDIA'S RURAL LIVELIHOODS

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are biological elements other than wood that are usually collected from forests for human and animal use and have both a consumptive and an exchange value. NTFPs provide a major contribution to the livelihood and health of the poor. The article aims to describe the present condition of NTFPs and marketing issues for NTFPs in India, as well as their importance in improving rural livelihoods. A systematic research review approach was used to get the desired results. The study retrieved approximately 238 articles from different databases and filtered 191, highlighting 51 articles related to the keywords, published between 1988 and 2022 were included in the analysis. During the investigation, forty-one numbers of NTFPs were identified and documented, and numerous potential NTFPs for enterprise growth have been identified according to the different zones of India. Rural people are using NTFPs for a wide range of uses, including food, fodder, fibre, traditional medicine, domestic items, agricultural equipment, and construction materials, and many of them are linked to cultures. Promotion and domestication of NTFPs, as well as suitable policy frameworks for harvesting and better processing techniques, are all required for increased food security, poverty reduction, and improved livelihoods. Site-specific and species-specific strategies may be created for the preservation, management, and exploitation of NTFP resources. NTFPs play a significant role in improving rural livelihoods in India, as well as providing a valuable source of employment for rural residents, though it has a complex marketing system

Serial MRI Imaging Reveals Minimal Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Established Liver Tumor Growth

Rodent models of liver tumorigenesis have reproducibly shown that dietary sugar intake is a powerful driver of liver tumor initiation and growth. In contrast, dietary sugar restriction with ketogenic diets or calorie restriction generally prevents liver tumor formation. Ketogenic diet is viewed positively as a therapeutic adjuvant; however, most ketogenic diet studies described to date have been performed in prevention mode rather than treatment mode. Therefore, it remains unclear whether a ketogenic diet can be administered in late stages of disease to stall or reverse liver tumor growth. To model the clinically relevant treatment mode, we administered a ketogenic diet to mice after liver tumor initiation and monitored tumor growth by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male C57BL/6 mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 2 weeks of age and fed a chow diet until 39 weeks of age, when they underwent MRI imaging to detect liver tumors. Mice were then randomised into two groups and fed either a chow diet or switched to a ketogenic diet from 40–48 weeks of age. Serial MRIs were performed at 44 and 48 weeks of age. All mice had tumors at study completion and there were no differences in total tumor burden between diet groups. Although a ketogenic diet has marked protective effects against DEN-induced liver tumourigenesis in this mouse model, these data demonstrate that ketogenic diet cannot stop the progression of established liver tumors

A Conserved Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Complex (EMC) Facilitates Phospholipid Transfer from the ER to Mitochondria

<div><p>Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis and lipid metabolism require phospholipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. Transfer is thought to occur at regions of close contact of these organelles and to be nonvesicular, but the mechanism is not known. Here we used a novel genetic screen in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> to identify mutants with defects in lipid exchange between the ER and mitochondria. We show that a strain missing multiple components of the conserved ER membrane protein complex (EMC) has decreased phosphatidylserine (PS) transfer from the ER to mitochondria. Mitochondria from this strain have significantly reduced levels of PS and its derivative phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Cells lacking EMC proteins and the ER–mitochondria tethering complex called ERMES (the ER–mitochondria encounter structure) are inviable, suggesting that the EMC also functions as a tether. These defects are corrected by expression of an engineered ER–mitochondrial tethering protein that artificially tethers the ER to mitochondria. EMC mutants have a significant reduction in the amount of ER tethered to mitochondria even though ERMES remained intact in these mutants, suggesting that the EMC performs an additional tethering function to ERMES. We find that all Emc proteins interact with the mitochondrial translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex protein Tom5 and this interaction is important for PS transfer and cell growth, suggesting that the EMC forms a tether by associating with the TOM complex. Together, our findings support that the EMC tethers ER to mitochondria, which is required for phospholipid synthesis and cell growth.</p></div

5x-emc <i>mmm1-1</i> cells are not viable and have a dramatic reduction in ER to mitochondria PS transfer at nonpermissive temperature.

<p>(A) Crude mitochondria were incubated with [³H]serine and Mn²⁺. After 20 min at 30°C, EDTA and an excess of unlabeled serine were added; chelation of Mn²⁺ by EDTA inhibits PS synthase and allows Psd1 to function. The samples were collected over 15 min, and the rate of [³H]PS to [³H]PE conversion per minute was calculated (mean ±s.d., <i>n</i> = 3–5 independent experiments). * <i>p</i><0.05 compared to wild-type, two-tailed <i>t</i> test. (B) The rate of PS to PE conversion of strains expressing ChiMERA was determined as in (A) (mean ±s.d., <i>n</i> = 3 independent experiments). The data used to generate panels A and B are in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001969#pbio.1001969.s012" target="_blank">Table S6</a>. (C) Cultures of strains with the indicated genotypes were grown at 23°C and 10-fold serial dilutions were spotted on to YPD plates and incubated at 23°C or 37°C for 4 d.</p

Cells missing multiple EMC proteins have defects in PS transfer from the ER to mitochondria.

<p>(A) Cells with the indicated genotypes were labeled with [³H]serine for 30 min and the ratio of [³H]PS converted to [³H]PE determined (mean ±s.d., <i>n</i> = 3–5 independent experiments). The dashed red line indicates the amount of conversion that occurred in <i>psd1</i>Δ cells. * <i>p</i><0.05 compared to wild-type, independent two-tailed <i>t</i> test. (B) The 10-fold serial dilutions of cultures of the indicated strains were spotted onto SC medium with or without 5-FOA and ethanolamine. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 4 d. (C) PSD activity of crude mitochondria incubated with NBD-PS for 1 h at 30°C. PSD activity was normalized to that of wild-type crude-mitochondria (mean ±s.d., <i>n</i> = 2–3 independent experiments). * <i>p</i><0.05 compared to wild-type, independent two-tailed <i>t</i> test. The data used to generate panels A and C are in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001969#pbio.1001969.s010" target="_blank">Table S4</a>.</p