Developing Firm Capability through IT Resources Deployed in Inter-organizational Relationships

This study attempts to explain how physical and human IT resources deployed in inter-organizational relationships (IORs)affect IT-enabled capabilities of a firm. We classify the IT enabled-capability into two types such as relational-specificknowledge management (RKM) capability and absorptive capacity. In addition, this study suggests that RKM capability andabsorptive capacity lead to increased firm performance. Finally, we test the relationship of RKM capability and absorptivecapacity. A total of 119 responses were used for analysis. Our results demonstrate that a firm reinforces its capabilities suchas RKM capability and absorptive capacity by leveraging physical and human IT resources dedicated in IORs. This impliesthat IT resources in IORs play a key role in developing further capabilities related to improved firm performance.Furthermore, RKM capability developed in IORs directly affects absorptive capacity of a firm. Thus, firms make a constanteffort to develop IT-enabled capabilities beyond the deployment of IT in IORs

Enhancing Customer Response Capability through Organizational Knowledge Resources in Service Encounters

Considering that a firm’s service competitiveness comes from customer service representatives (CSRs)’ capability, it is essential to enhance their capability first to create superior customer service. Accordingly, this study provides a way of creating CSRs’ capability by proving how organizational knowledge accumulated in knowledge management systems influences their customer response expertise and speed. Moreover, drawing on studies of organization memory (OM), it is defined by the three dimensions of OM level, OM dispersion, and OM usability. To test the proposed model and hypotheses, this study conducted the structural equation modeling analysis using a total of 373 responses collected on CSRs. The results indicate that both OM level and dispersion greatly increase customer response expertise. Besides, OM level, dispersion, and usability enhance customer response speed. Particularly, OM usability is the most effective in improving customer response speed. Finally, CSRs’ service performance depends on customer response expertise and speed

한국 성인에서의 비만지표와 인지기능 변화의 연관성 연구

학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 보건대학원 보건학과(보건학전공), 2023. 2. Sung-il Cho.서론 노화는 지적 능력 저하, 감각 기능 저하, 정서적 반응 감소를 동반한다. 전 세계에서 60세 이상 성인의 치매 유병률은 약 5-7%이다. 2018년에는 전 세계적으로 5천만 명이 치매에 걸린 것으로 추산되었으며, 2050년에는 그 수가 3배로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 치매는 사망률의 주요 원인이며 높은 의료 비용이 수반된다는 사실 때문에 인지기능을 감소시키는 예방 및 중재 조치가 필수적이다. 인지저하에는 여러 인구·사회학적 특성과 건강 습관이 영향을 미친다. 여기에는 나이, 소득, 교육수준, 직업 및 기저 질환 그리고 비만 등이 포함된다. 그러므로 인지 기능 저하에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아내는 것은 인지기능 저하 예방을 위한 효과적인 중재를 만드는 데 필수적이다. 본 연구의 첫번째 목적은 집단중심추세모형을 사용하여 인지기능 감소의 궤적을 식별하고 식별된 각 그룹마다 어떠한 위험 요소가 존재하는지 알아보는 것이다. 두번째 목적은 시간에 따른 내장지방의 변화와 그에 따른 인지기능과의 연관성을 성별에 따라 조사하는 것이고, 마지막으로 내장 비만이 기억상실형/비기억상실형 경도인지장애를 유발하는지 여부를 평가하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 위험요인들을 살펴보는 것이다. 방법 연구 데이터는 서울대학교병원 강남검진센터 수검자들의 자료를 이용하였다. 첫번째 연구에서는 2005년부터 2020년까지 서울대학교병원 강남검진센터 방문하여 인지기능과 문진, 신체계측 검사를 받은 40세 이상 637명(남 274명, 여 363명)을 대상으로 하였다. 두번째 연구에서는 2005년부터 2020년까지 서울대학교병원 강남검진센터에서 생체전기저항 방식으로 내장지방 측정하고 CERAD-K 심리신경평가집으로 인지기능 검사를 받은 남성 275명, 여성 367명을 분석에 포함하였다. 세번째 연구에서는 2005년부터 2020년까지 서울대학교병원 강남검진센터를 방문하여 생체전기저항 방식으로 내장지방 측정하고 CERAD-K 심리신경평가집으로 인지기능 검사를 받은 사람들 중에서 기존에 치매와 경도인지장애를 앓고 있는 사람들은 제외한 569명을 분석에 포함하였다. 첫번째 연구에서는 인지 저하의 궤적을 살펴보기 위해 집단중심추세모형을 이용하였다. 이어, 다양한 인지기능 궤적 그룹에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하기 위해 다항회귀분석을 수행하였다. 두 번째 연구에서는 선형혼합모델을 사용하여 인지기능과 내장지방 간의 연관성을 남녀를 나누어 알아보았다. 세번째 연구에서는 내장비만과 기억상실형/비기억상실형 경도인지기능의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 카플란마이어 곡선과 콕스 비례위험모형을 이용하였다. 결과 첫 번째 연구에서 40세 이상 성인의 인지 기능 궤적은 다양하게 나타났다. 궤적은 높음(27.3%), 중간(41.0%), 낮음 (22.7%), 빠른 인지 기능 저하(9.1%)의 4가지로 구분되었다. 나이가 많을수록, 남성, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 좋지 않은 식습관, 당뇨병, 기술직 종사자, 낮은 소득은 인지기능 저하의 가능성을 증가시켰다. 두 번째 연구에서는 남성의 경우 내장지방이 증가할수록 단어 목록 기억 점수 (:-0.15, CI: -0.29~-0.01) 및 단어 목록 회상 점수 (:-0.16, CI: -0.24~-0.09)가 감소되었다. 여성의 경우 내장 지방이 증가할수록 보스턴 이름 대기 점수 (: -0.15, CI: -0.23~-0.06), 간이 정신상태 점수 (:-0.26, CI: -0.40~-0.12), 단어 목록 기억 점수(: -0.25, CI:-0.41~-0.09), 구성행동 점수(: -0.09, CI:-0.14~-0.03), 간이 정신상태 검사를 제외한 도메인의 총합 점수(: -0.71, CI:-1.20 ~ -0.22)가 감소되었다. 세 번째 연구에서는 내장 비만이 있는 경우 비기억상실형 경도 인지 장애의 발생 위험이 더 높았다 (Adjusted HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.11-1.87). 결론 본 연구를 통하여 인지기능 저하에는 다양이 패턴이 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 고령, 낮은 교육수준, 좋지 않은 식습관, 낮은 소득, 기술직 종사자, 기저 질환을 앓고 있는 경우, 내장지방의 증가는 인지기능에 위험요인으로 작용하였다. 뿐만 아니라 내장 비만은 경도인지장애 발병의 위험을 증가시킨다. 인지예비능은 우리의 뇌가 손상을 받을 때 그 피해를 견디며 회복할 수 있는 뇌의 능력이다. 금연, 금주, 운동과 같은 올바른 생활습관 및 좋은 식습관 등을 통해 뇌의 인지예비 능을 높게 유지하면 인지기능이 감소되는 것을 예방할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 위험요인 들을 줄이기 위해 개인의 생활습관을 바꾸도록 독려하고 중재를 마련함으로서 인지예비능을 향상 시킬 수 있다Introduction: Aging is inevitable, accompanied by reduced intellectual ability, decline in sensory functions, and reduced emotional responses. Several socio-demographic characteristics and health habits can affect cognitive decline. These included older age, lower income, poorer education, poor self-rated health, limitations on the activities of daily living and chronic illness etc. Also Cognitive impairment was also associated with visceral fat. Therefore, identifying factors that affect cognitive function decline is essential for the prevent cognitive decline and creation of effective interventions. The objectives of the present study were to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive function using the GBTM method. And I found out what risk factors existed for each identified group, such as demographics characteristics, lifestyle, comorbidities, and economic conditions. Second, I investigated changes in visceral fat over time and their association with cognitive function accordingly by gender. Third, I aimed to evaluate whether visceral obesity causes Non Amnestic/Amnestic mild cognitive impairment. I also investigated the variables affecting the Non-Amnestic/Amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Methods: First, I collected data from the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center. First, 637 individuals (274 males and 363 females) aged over 40 were included who got health check-up in the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center 2005 to 2020. A group-based trajectory model was utilized to determine the appropriate number of groups and also to observe changes in cognitive function. Following the trajectory analysis, a multinomial regression analysis was performed to examine the related risk factors of cognitive function that influenced each trajectory groups. Second, 642 individuals (275 males and 367 females) were selected who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for visceral fat area and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimers Disease-K (CERAD-K) test at the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center 2005 to 2020. A linear mixed model (LMM) was used to assess the association between cognitive function and visceral fat area. Third, among those who participated in the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center from 2005 to 2020, 569 people (281 males, 288 females) were included in the analysis, excluding those already suffering from mental disorders such as mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis were conducted to determine the association between visceral obesity and Non Amnestic/Amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Results: From the first study, the cognitive function trajectories among adults over 40 years of age were heterogeneous. I identified four trajectories: High (27.3%), medium (41.0%), low (22.7%), and rapid cognitive function decline (9.1%). Older age, male, low educational level, bad dietary habits, diabetes mellitus, technical worker, and lower income increased the likelihood of a cognitive function decline. From the second study, an increased visceral fat area was associated with worse Word List Memory score (:-0.15, CI: -0.29 to -0.01) and Word List Recall score (:-0.16, CI: -0.24 to -0.09) in males. In females, an increased visceral fat area was associated with worse Boston naming test score (: -0.15, CI: -0.23 to -0.06), MMSE-KC score (:-0.26, CI: -0.40 to -0.12), Word List Memory score (: -0.25, CI: -0.41 to -0.09), Constructional praxis score (: -0.09 CI: -0.14 to -0.03), and sum of domains except MMSE-KC (: -0.71, CI: -1.20 to -0.22). From the third study, the risk of Non-Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the visceral obesity group was 1.43 higher (95% CI=1.10-1.86) than that in the non-visceral obesity group. The risk of Non-Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in age of 40-64 was 1.44 higher (HR, 95% CI=1.11-1.87) than in age of 65-84, lower education level was 1.32 higher (HR, 95% CI=1.04-1.67) than that in higher education level and in monthly household income under 10 million won was 1.29 higher (HR, 95% CI=1.02-1.63) than that in over 10 million won. Also, the risk of Non-Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in subjects with having hypertension was 1.31 higher (HR, 95% CI=1.06-1.63) than not suffering from hypertension. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that various patterns exist in the cognitive decline of individuals. In addition, factors affecting cognitive decline were also identified. Older age, low education level, bad dietary habits, low income, technical workers, comorbidities, and increase in visceral fat act as risk factors for cognitive function. In addition, visceral obesity increases the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive reserve is the brain's ability to withstand damage and to recover when it is damaged. The cognitive decline can be prevented by maintaining high cognitive reserve of the brain through healthy habits such as smoking cessation, abstinence from alcohol, exercise, and good dietary habits or through various daily activities. In order to reduce risk factors affecting cognitive function through this study, it is necessary to encourage changes in lifestyles that individuals can make and social interventions are needed.Chapter 1. Overall Introdunction 1 1.1 Cognitive function decline and population of dementia 2 1.2 Cognitive reserve 5 1.3 Objective of the present study 8 1.4 Composition of the data 9 1.5 Methods for measuring cognitive funciton 16 Chapter 2. Risk Factors for Various Cognitive Function Decline Trajectories in Adults Over 40 Years of Age 18 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Methods 23 2.3 Results 28 2.4 Discussion 35 Chapter 3. Decrease in Cognitive Function Associated with Changes in Visceral fat area 41 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Methods 45 3.3 Results 53 3.4 Discussion 73 Chapter 4. Visceral Obesity is Associated with an Increased Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment 79 4.1 Introduction 80 4.2 Methods 83 4.3 Results 88 4.4 Discussion 97 Chapter 5. Overall discussion 104 References 111 Abstract in Koean (국문초록) 125박

Production Quality for Process Capability with Multiple Characteristics on the Chip Resistor Production

There are many journal papers about process capability indices with multiple characteristics in certain manufacturing assemblies including Cp, Cpk, Cpu, and Cpl. However, all of them assume the data is normal distribution and there is no product level process capability with an example chip resistor. This paper will discuss the affection of sample mean and standard deviations on process capability indices for multiple quality characteristics and its product assembly instead of assuming as normal distributions with the data from simulation. Furthermore, it will present several methodologies to calculate the product process capability with weighted arithmetic mean technique so that we can see how each characteristic effect on the product process

The Effectiveness of Scarcity Messages in Group-Buying Social Commerce: The Comparison of Korea and China

This study attempts to extend the customer value–customer satisfaction–customer loyalty framework by introducing key constructs of scarcity messages as a major environmental stimulus and the urge to buy impulsively as its response in the context of group-buying social commerce, across countries including Korea and China. More specifically, this study proposes that scarcity messages influence customers’ value perception (i.e., utilitarian value and hedonic value. Moreover, the study suggests that scarcity messages and customer values arouse the urge to buy impulsively. In the Korean sample, the results show that scarcity messages increase both utilitarian and hedonic values as well as the urge to buy impulsively, which in turn enhances customers’ satisfaction and further loyalty. In the Chinese sample, relationships related to utilitarian value are insignificant. That is, scarcity messages only influence hedonic value which increases the urge to buy impulsively. Besides, customer satisfaction depends on utilitarian and hedonic values

Moral Distress of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses in End-of-Life Care

https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/fss-2019/1003/thumbnail.jp

Leveraging Customer Knowledge in Electronic Knowledge Repositories for Service Expertise

This study examines how three dimensions of electronic knowledge repositories (EKRs), namely customer knowledge level, customer knowledge integration and accessibility of customer knowledge, contribute to increasing customer service representatives (CSRs)’ service expertise and their customer knowledge utilization and acquisition. Furthermore, the study empirically tests the proposition that service quality is influenced by CSRs’ service expertise and their customer knowledge utilization and acquisition. To test the proposed model and hypotheses, data were collected on CSRs working for call centers using EKRs such as knowledge management systems. All the hypothesized relationships were found to be significant except that between customer knowledge acquisition and service quality. Service expertise was strongly affected by customer knowledge level. While customer knowledge utilization was strongly increased by the accessibility of customer knowledge, customer knowledge acquisition was strongly increased by customer knowledge integration. This study offers an insight into how EKRs, which will have been accumulated by firms over time, ultimately influence the performance of CSRs

The Flipside of Ubiquitous Connectivity by Smartphone-based Social Networking Service (SNS): Social Presence and Privacy Concern

The spread of smartphones triggers the universal use of smartphone-based social networking services (SNS) from younger generations in their teens and twenties to older ones in their fifties and sixties. SNS would no longer be the preserve of younger generations. Smartphone-based SNS can be enjoyed by everyone irrespective of age or gender. Under the circumstances, this study attempts to shed light on the sources of enjoyment, which has been argued as a key determinant of hedonic IS use, assuming that ubiquitous connectivity is a foundation of using smartphone-based SNS. This is because the main reason that people use smartphone-based SNS is to maintain seamless connection with others such as family, friends and acquaintances. Furthermore, the study examines factors related to enjoyment considering both sides of ubiquitous connectivity due to smartphone-based SNS use (i.e., social presence and privacy concern) and also verifies the effects of these variables on SNS continuance intention. Our results show that first, ubiquitous connectivity increases social presence and privacy concern. Second, enjoyment comes from not only ubiquitous connectivity but also social presence and privacy concern. Finally, smartphone-based SNS continuance intention is determined by enjoyment, social presence and privacy concern. Discussion and implications on the results are presented

Individual and parental factors associated with preschool children’s foreign language anxiety in an EFL Setting

The present study aims to examine individual and parental factors that affect young children’s foreign language anxiety (FLA) in an EFL setting. Subjects include 453 mothers of young children aged 3 to 5 years old and of these participants, 217children attended regular kindergarten and 236 children attended English immersion institution. Both individual (child’s age, gender, temperament) and parental (parent’s educational attainment, household income, mother’s beliefs about early English education) factors were collected with mother’s self-report questionnaire. Children’s foreign language anxiety, however, was measured with both mother’s and teacher’s assessment. Results reveal that children’s age and temperament had significant effects on their level of foreign language anxiety. Older children were more prone to having a higher level of foreign language anxiety and children with a higher tendency for impulsiveness and harm avoidance were also more likely to show a higher level of foreign language anxiety. As for the parental factors, children of mothers with more concerns for early English education and stronger beliefs in cognitive benefits of early English education were more likely to show a higher level of foreign language anxiety. Future directions and implications will be discussed

Vascular Disrupting Agent Drug Classes Differ in Effects on the Cytoskeleton

Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), anti-cancer drugs that target established tumor blood vessels, fall into two main classes: microtubule targeting drugs, exemplified by combretastatin A4 (CA4), and flavonoids, exemplified by 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA). Both classes increase permeability of tumor vasculature in mouse models, and DMXAA in particular can cause massive tumor necrosis. The molecular target of CA4 is clearly microtubules. The molecular target(s) of DMXAA remains unclear. It is thought to promote inflammatory signaling in leukocytes, and has been assumed to not target microtubules, though it is not clear from the literature how carefully this assumption has been tested. An earlier flavone analog, flavone acetic acid, was reported to promote mitotic arrest suggesting flavones might possess anti-microtubule activity, and endothelial cells are sensitive to even mild disruption of microtubules. We carefully investigated whether DMXAA directly affects the microtubule or actin cytoskeletons of endothelial cells by comparing effects of CA4 and DMXAA on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using time-lapse imaging and assays for cytoskeleton integrity. CA4 caused retraction of the cell margin, mitotic arrest and microtubule depolymerization, while DMXAA, up to 500 µM, showed none of these effects. DMXAA also had no effect on pure tubulin nucleation and polymerization, unlike CA4. We conclude that DMXAA exhibits no direct anti-microtubule action and thus cleanly differs from CA4 in its mechanism of action at the molecular level