Synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of some novel carbazole derivatives

Natural and synthetic carbazoles contains potent activity against inflammation. Some novel carbazole derivatives have been synthesized and also checked for activity against inflammation by using Carrageenan Induced Inflammation in Rat Paw Edema Model. Structures of synthesized carbazole derivatives have been confirmed on the basis of FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. During the evaluation of biological activity, newly synthesized compounds (4a) and (4f) are found more potent against inflammation

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

Synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of some novel carbazole derivatives

60-64Natural and synthetic carbazoles contains potent activity against inflammation. Some novel carbazole derivatives have been synthesized and also checked for activity against inflammation by using Carrageenan Induced Inflammation in Rat Paw Edema Model. Structures of synthesized carbazole derivatives have been confirmed on the basis of FT-IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. During the evaluation of biological activity, newly synthesized compounds (4a) and (4f) are found more potent against inflammation

Effect of processing routes on structure-property correlationship of ADC 12 Al alloy

The present work focuses primarily on the effect of processing routes on structure-property correlationship of ADC 12 Al alloy. Both conventional processing (Gravity cast and pressure die cast) and Semi Solid processing techniques (cooling slope and Rheo-Pressure Die Cast; RPDC) were attempted to bring out the correlationship between their microstructures and mechanical properties of ADC 12 Al alloy. Gravity cast experiment was done on ingots of ADC12 Al melted in an resistance furnace and poured at temperature 585 °C in a copper mould. In the Pressure Die-Casting process, ingots of ADC12 Al alloy were melted in an resistance furnace and the liquid metal was poured in the mould of the pressure die casting system. Semi-solid metal processing was carried out using cooling slope experiments in a developed in-house set up and effect of rheocasting on the semi solid microstructure was studied. Rheo pressure die cast experiments were carried out in an integrated set-up of cooling slope and pressure die-cast system. The obtained result of gravity cast material reveals dendritic morphology of primary Al phase and elongated eutectic phase; upon using pressure in a pressure die cast system, the structure of primary Al phase changes to large size dendrites along with rosette shaped morphology. The cooling slope technique to generate semi-solid structure yields nearly globular and fine grains; whereas the rheo pressure die casting experiments reveal nearly globular shape primary Al exhibit that distribute relatively uniformly in the matrix compared to the all three above the processing routes. From The best mechanical properties are also obtained in Rheo-pressure die cast system with tensile strength (223 MPa), elongation (6.5%), and hardness (87 VH) compared to all other processing routes. Explanations of fracture micro mechanisms are supplement to the investigation

Optimization of processing parameters of cooling slope process for semi-solid casting of ADC 12 Al alloy

In the present work, the effect of processing parameters of cooling slope techniques (pouring temperature, slope angle and slope length) of ADC 12 Al alloy on its microstructural evolution has been studied in detail. A series of cooling slope casting experiments were conducted by varying the pouring temperature (580, 585 and 590 °C), slope length (400, 500 and 600 mm) and slope angle (30°, 45° and 60°). The effect of processing parameters on the response factors, viz. degree of sphericity and particle size, has been investigated by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA), interaction graphs obtained using response surface methodology. The obtained results infer that optimum values of the degree of sphericity (0.865) and particle size (49.30) are observed for the following set of processing parameters, namely 585 °C pouring temperature, 500 mm slope length and 45° slope angle. ANOVA results show that the pouring temperature is the most significant input variables that influence degree of sphericity and particle size followed by slope length and slope angle. The values of output variables obtained from confirmation experiment, performed at 95% confidence level, ensure that they are well within the permissible limits