Instaliranje opreme i mjernih postupaka pri određivanju hidrauličke vodljivosti jelovine

For a hydraulic conductor, through which liquid flows, hydraulic conductance (K, ml·s-1·MPa-1) is defined as the ratio of pressure difference at the inlet and outlet to the fluid amount passing through the hydraulic conductor in a unit time period. This property is one of the key functions of the wood, and is obtained by the flow rate (F – Flow, ml·s-1) along the wood sample divided by the pressure difference driving the flow (DP, MPa). This study aimed to establish a test setup to determine the hydraulic conductance values of Uludağ Fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.). A test setup was established to measure the amount of water that flows in samples and pressure difference in characterized capillary tubes. In addition, calibration of the test apparatus is explained in detail. Fir wood samples taken from Yedigoller, which is affiliated to Kale Operation Chieftainship and Bolu Forest Regional Directorate, of 4 mm in diameter and 3 cm in length were prepared and hydraulic conductance measurements were performed, and the results are presented in this article. The installed test setup was used to obtain the following information about trees: operation of the hydraulic conduction system, the amount of needed water, seasonal effects and stress-related changes.Hidraulička vodljivost (K, ml·s-1·MPa-1) definira se kao omjer količine tekućine koja prolazi u određenom vremenu hidrauličkim vodičem i razlike tlaka na ulazu i izlazu vodiča. To je svojstvo jedna od ključnih funkcija drva, a njegova se veličina određuje mjerenjem brzine protoka (F – protok, ml·s-1) uzduž uzorka drva zbog razlika tlakova (DP, MPa). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je instaliranje mjernog sustava za određivanje hidrauličke vodljivosti jelovine (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.). Postavkama mjerenja utvrđena je količina vode koja teče u uzorcima jelovine i razlika tlaka u karakterističnim kapilarama. Usto je detaljno objašnjeno kalibriranje ispitne opreme. Uzorci jelovine na kojima su provedena mjerenja hidrauličke vodljivosti bili su promjera 4 mm i duljine 3 cm i uzeti su s područja Yedigoller, a rezultati ispitivanja prikazani su u ovom radu. Instaliranim mjernim sustavom dobivene su ove informacije o stablima: djelovanje sustava hidrauličke vodljivosti u drvu, količina potrebne vode, utjecaji godišnjih doba i promjene povezane sa stresom

The influence of road traffic and industrial plant-induced air pollution on the physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the black pine wood

Road traffic pollution and industrial plant-induced pollution affect negatively the development of forest trees. How forest trees are affected by their growing environment is important for sustainable environment. The study aimed to investigate the physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of the Pinus nigra (black pine) tree which grows under different conditions. Tree samples were chosen from three different lands where were inside the forest (O), near the roadside (Y), and near the factory (F). It was studied whether there were any significant differences among the “O”, “Y” and “F” in terms of their wood properties such as physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological. As a result, the “O” samples demonstrated more regular annual ring structure. On the other hand, it was observed that the “Y” samples had longer and wider tracheid cells. In addition, “Y” samples had better mechanical strength than “O” and “F”. Environmental pollution caused the presence of some different elements (chlorine and iron) in “Y” and “F”. As a result, it was determined that the trees growing near the roadside or near industrial plants have significant differences from forest trees which are far away from pollutions. It is possible to say that Pinus nigra (black pine) is resistant to environmental stress. For this reason, it can be recommended to use it as a barrier to reduce air pollution on the roadsides