INTERNET OF THINGS BASED SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM USING PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

Due to the use of internet of things (IoT) devices, communication between different things is effective. The application of IoT in agriculture industryplays a key role to make functionalities easy. Using the concept of IoT and wireless sensor network (WSN), smart farming system has been developedin many areas of the world. Precision farming is one of the branches comes forward in this aspect. Many researchers have developed monitoring andautomation system for different functionalities of farming. Using WSN, data acquisition and transmission between IoT devices deployed in farms will be easy. In proposed technique, Kalman filter (KF) is used with prediction analysis to acquire quality data without any noise and to transmit this data for cluster-based WSNs. Due to the use of this approach, the quality of data used for analysis is improved as well as data transfer overhead is minimized in WSN application. Decision tree is used for decision making using prediction analytics for crop yield prediction, crop classification, soil classification, weather prediction, and crop disease prediction. IoT components, such as and cube (IOT Gateway) and Mobius (IOT Service platform), are integrated in proposed system to provide smart solution for crop growth monitoring to users.Â

Nonintersecting Subspaces Based on Finite Alphabets

Two subspaces of a vector space are here called ``nonintersecting'' if they meet only in the zero vector. The following problem arises in the design of noncoherent multiple-antenna communications systems. How many pairwise nonintersecting M_t-dimensional subspaces of an m-dimensional vector space V over a field F can be found, if the generator matrices for the subspaces may contain only symbols from a given finite alphabet A subseteq F? The most important case is when F is the field of complex numbers C; then M_t is the number of antennas. If A = F = GF(q) it is shown that the number of nonintersecting subspaces is at most (q^m-1)/(q^{M_t}-1), and that this bound can be attained if and only if m is divisible by M_t. Furthermore these subspaces remain nonintersecting when ``lifted'' to the complex field. Thus the finite field case is essentially completely solved. In the case when F = C only the case M_t=2 is considered. It is shown that if A is a PSK-configuration, consisting of the 2^r complex roots of unity, the number of nonintersecting planes is at least 2^{r(m-2)} and at most 2^{r(m-1)-1} (the lower bound may in fact be the best that can be achieved).Comment: 14 page

Various Sequence Classification Mechanisms for Knowledge Discovery

Sequence classification is an efficient task in data mining. The knowledge obtained from training stage can be used for sequence classification that assigns class labels to the new sequences. Relevant patterns can be found by using sequential pattern mining in which the values are represented in sequential manner. Classification process has explicit features but these features are not found in sequences. Feature selection techniques are sophisticated, but the potential features dimensionality may be very high. It is hard to find the sequential nature of feature. Sequence classification is a more challenging task than feature vector classification. Sequence classification problem can be solved by rules that consist of interesting patterns. These patterns are found in datasets that have labeled sequences along with class labels. The cohesion and support of the pattern are used to define interestingness of a pattern. In a given class of sequences, interestingness of a pattern can be measured by combining these two factors. Confident classification rules can be generated by using the discovered patterns. Two different approaches to build a classifier are used. The first classifier consists of an advanced form of classification method that depends on association rule. In the second classifier, the value belonging to the new data object is first measured then the rules are ranked

HOMOGENEOUS MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE NODE SUPPORT IN NS2

NS2 is a widely used, open source tool for network simulation. A Mobile Node (MN) in NS2 by default provides only a single Wi-Fi interface. It makes difficult for users to simulate the scenario where a mobile node is connected to multiple networks through different interfaces at the same time. Some projects have been done to implement multiple Wi-Fi interfaces but according to our view they have some limitations. This paper presents the implementation of mobile nodes in NS2 with multiple Wi-Fi interfaces and multiple WiMAX interfaces trying to overcome those limitations

Association of Chorioamnionitis with Aberrant Neonatal Gut Colonization and Adverse Clinical Outcomes.

ObjectiveChorioamnionitis (inflammation of the placenta and fetal membranes) and abnormal gastrointestinal colonization have been associated with an increased risk of sepsis and death in preterm infants, but whether chorioamnionitis causes abnormal pioneering gastrointestinal colonization in infants is not known. We determined the relationship between chorioamnionitis, altered infant fecal microbiome indicating abnormal gastrointestinal colonization, and adverse outcomes.Study designPreterm infants ≤ 28 weeks at birth were enrolled from 3 level III NICUs in Cincinnati, Ohio and Birmingham, Alabama. Sequencing for 16S microbial gene was performed on stool samples in the first 3 weeks of life. Chorioamnionitis was diagnosed by placental histology. Late onset sepsis and death outcomes were analyzed in relation to fecal microbiota and chorioamnionitis with or without funisitis (inflammation of the umbilical cord).ResultsOf the 106 enrolled infants, 48 infants had no chorioamnionitis, 32 infants had chorioamnionitis but no funisitis (AC), and 26 infants had chorioamnionitis with funisitis (ACF). The fecal samples from ACF infants collected by day of life 7 had higher relative abundance of family Mycoplasmataceae (phylum Tenericutes), genus Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes) and genus Sneathia (phylum Fusobacteria). Further, AC and ACF infants had higher incidence of late-onset sepsis/death as a combined outcome. Presence of specific clades in fecal samples, specifically, order Fusobacteria, genus Sneathia or family Mycoplasmataceae, were significantly associated with higher risk of sepsis or death.ConclusionThe results support the hypothesis that specific alterations in the pioneering infant gastrointestinal microbiota induced by chorioamnionitis predispose to neonatal sepsis or death

The politics of participation: a study of Water Users Associations in Western India

The thesis investigates the processes of the formation and functioning of Water Users Associations (WUAs) which have been implemented under the policy of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) in Maharashtra, Western India. The thesis explores (1) how social and economic hierarchies shape the process of participation in WUAs; (2) the roles played by the State and Non-Governmental Organisations in the process of participatory development; (3) the ways in which processes of neo-liberalisation have influenced water reforms in a developing country like India. The study draws on different critiques of neo-liberalism, and it explores theories of participation to provide a holistic understanding of PIM (Participatory Irrigation Management) reforms carried out in Maharashtra. The study uses a qualitative approach, based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out over twelve months at two Water Users Associations in a village in the Nashik district of Maharashtra. The study finds that processes of participation are complex, and characterized by the vested interests of the different actors involved in the process of the formation and functioning of WUAs in the village. The WUAs have been able to provide water to many farmers in the area. However, the policy has been unable to achieve much success in terms of resolving conflicts among farmers and enhancing the participation of small landholding and marginalized farmers in the WUAs. I found that the process of neo-liberalisation does not challenge or reform traditional institutions such as caste and gender, but rather that it uses them to entrench market reforms. The implementation of WUAs’ policy in the wider neo-liberal context has increased the powers of the State and NGO intervention in the formulation and implementation of WUAs policy. Processes of WUAs’ formation and functioning are significant examples of the ways in which neo-liberalisation is taking shape in India, including the commodification of water, and thereby, the reproduction of existing hierarchies and power imbalances. The study contributes towards developing an understanding of the wider processes of neo-liberal governance in the water sector

Accuracy Optimization of Centrality Score Based Community Detection

Various concepts can be represented as a graph or the network. The network representation helps to characterize the varied relations between a set of objects by taking each object as a vertex and the interaction between them as an edge. Different systems can be modelled and analyzed in terms of graph theory. Community structure is a property that seems to be common to many networks. The division of the some objects into groups within which the connections or relations are dense, and the connections with other objects are sparser. Various research and data points proves that many real world networks has these communities or groups or the modules that are sub graphs with more edges connecting the vertices of the same group and comparatively fewer links joining the outside vertices. The groups or the communities exhibit the topological relations between the elements of the underlying system and the functional entities. The proposed approach is to exploit the global as well as local information about the network topologies. The authors propose a hybrid strategy to use the edge centrality property of the edges to find out the communities and use local moving heuristic to increase the modularity index of those communities. Such communities can be relevantly efficient and accurate to some applications. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15073