IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH

IDENTIFICATION OF BAINITE IN A MULTI-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE OF AN AUSTEMPERED STEEL ALLOY: A METALLOGRAPHY APPROACH. Structural characterization of a multi-phase steel has become an exciting issue in various studies to date. This relates to the difficulty in distinguishing phases with similar morphology, i.e. bainite and martensite, through chemical etching. This study discusses a method to observe bainite phase through a metallographic approach on FeNi steel using color etching. Variations in the use of etching in this research include 2% nital, 4% picral, and 15% sodium metabisulphite (SMB). First, the samples were austenized then austempered at either 400 °C or 500 °C, for 60 min followed by quenching in either water or brine solution. Based on optical microscope observations, SMB color etching provides more explicit information on the visualization of bainite and martensite phases because they have different color appearances. The bainite phase is shown in bluish color, while the martensite phase is shown in brownish color. Furthermore, the influence of variation in austempering temperature and quench media on microstructure morphology was also discussed. In addition, the calculation of the lattice parameters of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern was also carried out in this study to identify the crystal structure formed

BIODIVERSITAS MAKROZOOBENTOS DI PERAIRAN SITU BEKANG, KABUPATEN BOGOR, JAWA BARAT

Perairan Situ Bekang merupakan salah satu situ diantara 17 situ yang berada di Kecamatan Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Perairan situ berperan sebagai habitat bagi berbagai biota akuatik seperti makrozoobentos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunitas makrozoobentos di perairan Situ Bekang. Sampel makrozoobentos diambil menggunakan Ekman grab pada bulan September 2019 di tiga lokasi pengamatan. Selain itu, dilakukan pula pengukuran paramater lingkungan perairan. Makrozoobentos di Situ Bekang terdiri dari 10  taksa yang tergolong ke dalam lima kelas meliputi Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Clitellata, Insekta, dan Malacostraca. Komposisi tertinggi sebesar 34,84% diperoleh Melanoides tuberculata dari kelas Gastropoda sebagai spesies yang tahan terhadap pencemaran organik. Kelimpahan makrozoobentos yang diperoleh selama pengamatan mencapai 2812 individu/m2. Indeks diversitas Shanon Wiener tergolong sedang dengan kisaran 1,24-1,75. Indeks kemerataan Pielou berkisar 0,60-0,84 dengan kriteria sedang hingga tinggi, sedangkan indeks dominansi Simpson berkisar 0,20-0,37 dengan kriteria rendah