Znaczenie zmiejszenia ryzyka zatruć pokarmowych w wyniku spożycia warzyw, owoców i orzechów: zastosowanie techniki multilogitowej

The study identifies factors influencing the importance consumers in the Republic of Korea attach to food poisoning resulting from eating vegetables, fruits, or nuts. Survey data collected from 1,100 females residing in the seven major urban centers are used to estimate the equations. Results are used to calculate probabilities associated with the specific opinions held by respondents with regard to, among others, demographic and economic characteristics and preferences about food and food production methods.Celem pracy było zidentyfikowanie czynników wpływających na zwracanie uwagi przez konsumentów w Republice Korei na zatrucia pokarmowe spowodowane jedzeniem warzyw, owoców lub orzechów. Modele wyliczono na podstawie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród 1100 kobiet zamieszkujących w siedmiu wielkomiejskich obszarach Republik Korei. Wyniki pokazały prawdopodobieństwo z jakim występują zmiany opinii respondentów co do znaczenia m.in. cech demograficzno-ekonomicznych oraz preferencji dotyczących żywności i sposobu jej produkcji

Effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the infection coefficient of rice (Orysa sativa L.) Blast in Ndop, North West of Cameroon

The developpement of fungi diseases such as Rice blast which cause important yield losses in rice cultivation in Cameroon is favorite by a variation of doses in minerale fertilisation. Since those elements facilitate the infection process and the development of pathogens. As part of the solutions to this constraint, a field trial was conducted using NPK fertilizer at three different doses, i.e., 180 kg/ ha ; 200kg/ha ; 220 kg/ha plus a control (0 kg/ha). Four rice varieties were used : NERICA 3 and NERICA 7 as upland rice varieties while NERICA 36 and NERICA 42 as lowland rice varieties. To evaluate the influence of the different doses of fertilizers (NPK),  a randomised complete block design was used. Disease parameters like incidence and severity of rice blast were evaluated at all the growth stages. Results obtained revealed that disease incidence and severity of rice blast during the vegetative growth of the different varieties of rice, was more significant on the control compared to the other treatments and lowland rice varieties were more infected than upland rice. Fertilizer N-P-K (20-10-10) at the dose 200 kg/ha makes the plant less susceptible to the blast at all its growth phases. Thus, the use of fertilizers at the proper doses is necessary for fighting against rice blast.Keywords : Rice blast, NPK Fertilizer, rice varietie

Climate change loss and damage governance. Where are we now? A case study from Fiji’s sugar industry

OnlinePubl First published online 9/2/23Anthropogenic climate change loss and damage (L&D) is a key area of climate policy. Much of the L&D governance has been situated within the international climate regime. A major gap in L&D governance is the lack of understanding of how institutions are dealing with L&D policy and decision-making at national and industry scales. This study examines L&D governance with an emphasis on policy gaps, capacity constraints, availability of data, and access to climate finance in Fiji’s sugar industry. Systematic policy analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 28) are conducted to gain insights into L&D governance in Fiji’s sugar industry. To date, the Ministry of Sugar Industry has been unable to develop climate change and disaster risk reduction policies and plans. Other institutional constraints in Fiji’s sugar industry to avert, minimise, and address L&D include lack of human resources with technical skills as well as limited data and access to financial resources. This research recommends key policy interventions such as developing L&D policy and action plans, building capacity, and implementing a standardised practice of data management between stakeholders for urgent climate action. At the international level, the Warsaw International Mechanism and the Santiago Network for Loss and Damage could be strengthened to mobilise urgent support and action, including finance and technical assistance to avert, minimise, and address L&D in vulnerable countries.Moleen Monita Nand, Douglas K. Bardsley, & Jungho Su

Monte Carlo Analyses of X-Ray Absorption, Noise, and Detective Quantum Efficiency Considering Therapeutic X-Ray Spectrum in Portal Imaging Detector

The Bremsstrahlung spectrum from a 6-MV linear accelerator (LINAC) was obtained and used as an input X-ray source in the simulation to estimate several important physical quantities of the detector in a therapeutic X-ray portal imaging system, such as quantum and energy absorption efficiencies, Swank factor, and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). In addition, we have obtained a spatial distribution of energy deposit within the detector, resulting in a spatial-frequency-dependent DQE. From the simulation results, it is found that the use of metal plate largely enhances the energy absorption, leading to a large output signal. However, considering the noise properties, the presence of a metal plate degrades the DQE at nonzero spatial frequencies because the detector absorption noise is dominated by the quantum absorption. We have verified our simulation results by comparison with experimental measurements and results from other works

Kinetics of Solute Partitioning During Intercritical Annealing of a Medium-Mn Steel

The evolution of austenite fraction and solute partitioning (Mn, Al, and C) during intercritical annealing was calculated for a medium-Mn steel containing 11 pct Mn. Austenite growth takes place in three stages. The first stage is growth under non-partitioning local equilibrium (NPLE) controlled by carbon diffusion in ferrite. The second stage is growth under partitioning local equilibrium (PLE) controlled by diffusion of Mn in ferrite. The third stage is shrinkage of austenite under PLE controlled by diffusion of Mn in austenite. During PLE growth, the austenite is progressively enriched in Mn. Compositional spikes evolve early during NPLE growth and broaden with annealing temperature and time. © 2015 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM Internationa